@article {520, title = {Phonon Kinetics of Fructose at the Melting Transition}, journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C}, volume = {125}, year = {2021}, pages = {12269-12276}, chapter = {12269}, abstract = {

Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) is used to measure the melting kinetics of fructose molecular crystals. Combining single-crystal anisotropy measurements with density functional calculations, we assign the phonon frequencies and interrogate how specific phonons behave with melting. While nearly all the low-frequency phonons continuously red-shift with heating and melting, the lowest-energy phonon polarized along the c-axis blue-shifts at the melting temperature, suggesting an initial structural change immediately before melting. We find that the kinetics follow a 3D growth model with large activation energies, consistent with previous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The large activation energies indicate that multiple H-bonds must break collectively for the transition. The results suggest the generality of the kinetics for molecular crystals and that THz TDS with picosecond resolution could be used to measure ultrafast kinetics.

}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00610}, author = {A. Davie and F. Vandrevala and S. Dampf and Y. Deng and D. K. George and E. D. Sylvester and T. Korter and E. Einarsson and J. B. Benedict and A. G. Markelz} } @article {276, title = {Blue Shift of a Molecular Crystal Phonon at the Solid to Liquid Phase Transition}, journal = {Bulletin of the American Physical Society}, volume = {2019}, year = {2019}, author = {Davie, Alex and Vandrevala, Farah and Deng, Yanting and George, D. and Sylvester, Eric D. and Korter, T. and Einarsson, E. and Benedict, Jason B. and Markelz, Andrea} } @proceedings {185, title = {Tunable Compact Narrow Band THz Sources for Frequency Domain THz Anisotropic Spectroscopy}, volume = {10983}, year = {2019}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BN5PJ
Times Cited: 0
Cited Reference Count: 17
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George, D. K. LaFave, T. J. Markelz, A. G. Mcnee, Ian Tekavec, Patrick Kozlov, Vladimir Schunemann, Peter
LaFave, Tim/0000-0003-2925-8657
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCESUnited States Department of Health \& Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R41GM125486] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER; NIGMS NIH HHSUnited States Department of Health \& Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R41 GM125486] Funding Source: Medline
0277-786x
1098311}, month = {Apr 15-17}, publisher = {Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, abstract = {

We demonstrate frequency domain THz anisotropy signature detection for protein crystal models using newly developed compact tunable narrow band THz sources based on Orientation Patterned Gallium Phosphide for turn-key spectroscopic systems.

}, keywords = {anisotropy, biomolecules, femtosecond, optical rectification, orientation patterned gallium phosphide, Terahertz, THz generation}, isbn = {978-1-5106-2632-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2519878}, author = {George, D. K. and LaFave, T. J. and Markelz, A. G. and McNee, I. and Tekavec, P. and Kozlov, V. and Schunemann, P.} } @article {247, title = {Increase in Dynamical Collectivity and Directionality of Orange Carotenoid Protein in the Photo-Protective State}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {114}, number = {3}, year = {2018}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: GD5RB
Times Cited: 1
Cited Reference Count: 0
Deng, Yanting Luck, Catherine H. Romo, Tod D. Grossfield, Alan M. Bandara, Sepalika Ren, Zhong Yang, Xiaojing Markelz, Andrea G.
62nd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
Feb 17-21, 2018
San Francisco, CA
Biophys Soc
1

7
Cell press
Cambridge
1542-0086}, month = {Feb}, pages = {522A-522A}, type = {Meeting Abstract}, keywords = {Biophysics}, isbn = {0006-3495}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2854}, author = {Deng, Y. T. and Luck, C. H. and Romo, T. D. and Grossfield, A. M. and Bandara, S. and Ren, Z. and Yang, X. J. and Markelz, A. G.} } @article {224, title = {The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap}, journal = {Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, year = {2017}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: EI0HL
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Zhao JF, 2011, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V58, P1221, DOI 10.1109/TED.2011.2109723
Zheludev NI, 2012, NAT MATER, V11, P917, DOI [10.1038/NMAT3431, 10.1038/nmat3431]
Zhou Y, 2010, PROG ELECTROMAGN RES, V105, P71, DOI 10.2528/PIER10041806
Zibik EA, 2009, NAT MATER, V8, P803, DOI [10.1038/nmat2511, 10.1038/NMAT2511]
Dhillon, S. S. Vitiello, M. S. Linfield, E. H. Davies, A. G. Hoffmann, Matthias C. Booske, John Paoloni, Claudio Gensch, M. Weightman, P. Williams, G. P. Castro-Camus, E. Cumming, D. R. S. Simoens, F. Escorcia-Carranza, I. Grant, J. Lucyszyn, Stepan Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto Konishi, Kuniaki Koch, Martin Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Cocker, Tyler L. Huber, Rupert Markelz, A. G. Taylor, Z. D. Wallace, Vincent P. Zeitler, J. Axel Sibik, Juraj Korter, Timothy M. Ellison, B. Rea, S. Goldsmith, P. Cooper, Ken B. Appleby, Roger Pardo, D. Huggard, P. G. Krozer, V. Shams, Haymen Fice, Martyn Renaud, Cyril Seeds, Alwyn Stoehr, Andreas Naftaly, Mira Ridler, Nick Clarke, Roland Cunningham, John E. Johnston, Michael B.
Huggard, Peter/U-2150-2019; Konishi, Kuniaki/AAN-3624-2020; Zeitler, J. Axel/B-4885-2008; Paoloni, Claudio/AAH-9824-2019; Hoffmann, Matthias C./N-1082-2019; Wallace, Vincent P/A-9320-2012; Johnston, Michael/B-9813-2008; Castro-Camus, Enrique/V-6861-2019; Krozer, Viktor/P-5623-2014; Hoffmann, Matthias C/B-3893-2009; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/AAA-3211-2020; Gonokami, Makoto/F-3641-2012; Shams, Haymen/H-3754-2012; Ridler, Nick/AAN-9637-2020; Huber, Rupert/N-4126-2018
Konishi, Kuniaki/0000-0003-2389-9787; Zeitler, J. Axel/0000-0002-4958-0582; Hoffmann, Matthias C./0000-0002-3596-9853; Wallace, Vincent P/0000-0003-3814-5400; Johnston, Michael/0000-0002-0301-8033; Krozer, Viktor/0000-0002-2387-1947; Hoffmann, Matthias C/0000-0002-3596-9853; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-0265-0862; Shams, Haymen/0000-0002-5333-6478; Huber, Rupert/0000-0001-6617-9283; Davies, Alexander/0000-0002-1987-4846; Seeds, Alwyn/0000-0002-5228-627X; Castro-Camus, Enrique/0000-0002-8218-9155; Cunningham, John/0000-0002-1805-9743; Naftaly, Mira/0000-0002-0671-822X; Cumming, David/0000-0002-7838-8362
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilUK Research \& Innovation (UKRI)Engineering \& Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/P015883/1, EP/M00306X/1, EP/K023349/1, EP/M017095/1, EP/L026597/1, EP/J017671/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Natural Environment Research CouncilUK Research \& Innovation (UKRI)NERC Natural Environment Research Council [NER/Z/S/2003/00642, NE/L012375/1, NER/Z/S/2000/01292] Funding Source: researchfish; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilUK Research \& Innovation (UKRI)Science \& Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P002056/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Direct For Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Biological InfrastructureNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Molecular and Cellular BioscienceNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1616529] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
566
30
462
Iop publishing ltd
Bristol
1361-6463}, month = {Feb}, pages = {49}, type = {Review}, abstract = {

Science and technologies based on terahertz frequency electromagnetic radiation (100 GHz-30 THz) have developed rapidly over the last 30 years. For most of the 20th Century, terahertz radiation, then referred to as sub-millimeter wave or far-infrared radiation, was mainly utilized by astronomers and some spectroscopists. Following the development of laser based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the 1980s and 1990s the field of THz science and technology expanded rapidly, to the extent that it now touches many areas from fundamental science to {\textquoteright}real world{\textquoteright} applications. For example THz radiation is being used to optimize materials for new solar cells, and may also be a key technology for the next generation of airport security scanners. While the field was emerging it was possible to keep track of all new developments, however now the field has grown so much that it is increasingly difficult to follow the diverse range of new discoveries and applications that are appearing. At this point in time, when the field of THz science and technology is moving from an emerging to a more established and interdisciplinary field, it is apt to present a roadmap to help identify the breadth and future directions of the field. The aim of this roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of THz science and technology in 2017, and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds. To be able to achieve this aim, we have invited a group of international experts to write 18 sections that cover most of the key areas of THz science and technology. We hope that The 2017 Roadmap on THz science and technology will prove to be a useful resource by providing a wide ranging introduction to the capabilities of THz radiation for those outside or just entering the field as well as providing perspective and breadth for those who are well established. We also feel that this review should serve as a useful guide for government and funding agencies.

}, keywords = {ex-vivo, generation, metal wave-guides, near-field, performance, photoconductive emitters, Physics, quantum-cascade lasers, radiation, semiconductors, Terahertz, thz, time-domain spectroscopy}, isbn = {0022-3727}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/50/4/043001}, author = {Dhillon, S. S. and Vitiello, M. S. and Linfield, E. H. and Davies, A. G. and Hoffmann, M. C. and Booske, J. and Paoloni, C. and Gensch, M. and Weightman, P. and Williams, G. P. and Castro-Camus, E. and Cumming, D. R. S. and Simoens, F. and Escorcia-Carranza, I. and Grant, J. and Lucyszyn, S. and Kuwata-Gonokami, M. and Konishi, K. and Koch, M. and Schmuttenmaer, C. A. and Cocker, T. L. and Huber, R. and Markelz, A. G. and Taylor, Z. D. and Wallace, V. P. and Zeitler, J. A. and Sibik, J. and Korter, T. M. and Ellison, B. and Rea, S. and Goldsmith, P. and Cooper, K. B. and Appleby, R. and Pardo, D. and Huggard, P. G. and Krozer, V. and Shams, H. and Fice, M. and Renaud, C. and Seeds, A. and Stohr, A. and Naftaly, M. and Ridler, N. and Clarke, R. and Cunningham, J. E. and Johnston, M. B.} } @conference {288, title = {Global Picosecond Structural Dynamics of Orange Carotenoid Protein in Photo/Chemical Activated Signaling States}, booktitle = {APS 2017 S4.002}, year = {2017}, month = {03/2017}, url = {http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2017.MAR.S4.2}, author = {Deng, Y. and Xu, M. and Liu, H. and Blankenship, R. and Markelz, A.} } @article {250, title = {Orange Carotenoid Protein Picosecond Dynamics Changes with Photo and Chemical Activation}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {112}, number = {3}, year = {2017}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: EW3DS
Times Cited: 0
Cited Reference Count: 3
Cited References:
King JD, 2014, FEBS LETT, V588, P4561, DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.024
Wilson A, 2006, PLANT CELL, V18, P992, DOI 10.1105/tpc.105.040121
Wilson A, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P12075, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0804636105
Deng, Yanting Xu, Mengyang Liu, Haijun Blankenship, Robert E. Markelz, Andrea G.
58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
Feb 15-19, 2014
San Francisco, CA
Biophys Soc
Liu, Haijun/0000-0003-0537-0302

14
Cell press
Cambridge
1542-0086
1}, month = {Feb}, pages = {441A-441A}, type = {Meeting Abstract}, keywords = {Biophysics}, isbn = {0006-3495}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2355}, author = {Deng, Y. T. and Xu, M. Y. and Liu, H. J. and Blankenship, R. E. and Markelz, A. G.} } @conference {287, title = {Temperature dependence of phonons in photosynthesis proteins}, booktitle = {APS 2017 S4.003}, year = {2017}, url = {http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2017.MAR.S4.3}, author = {Xu, M. and Myles, D. and Blankenship, R. and Markelz, A.} } @article {242, title = {Modulated orientation-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy}, journal = {Photonics Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, year = {2016}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: DM9BJ
Times Cited: 6
Cited Reference Count: 40
Cited References:
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Aschaffenburg DJ, 2012, APPL PHYS LETT, V100, DOI 10.1063/1.4729148
Bahar I, 2005, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V15, P586, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.007
Benkovic SJ, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P1196, DOI 10.1126/science.1085515
Boehr DD, 2006, CHEM REV, V106, P3055, DOI 10.1021/cr050312q
Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901
Chen Q, 1999, APPL PHYS LETT, V74, P3435, DOI 10.1063/1.124119
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Singh, Rohit George, Deepu Koshy Bae, Chejin Niessen, K. A. Markelz, A. G.
George, Deepu/J-9882-2014
George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705
National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI2959989]; University at Buffalo (UB) [1126960-1-68255]; Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)United States Department of Energy (DOE)Los Alamos National Laboratory [1125895-1-71842]; Direct For Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Biological InfrastructureNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
National Science Foundation (NSF) (DBI2959989); University at Buffalo (UB) (Holm Fund 1126960-1-68255); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) (Molecular Crystal Studies 1125895-1-71842).
6

26
Optical soc amer
Washington}, month = {Jun}, pages = {A1-A8}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Intramolecular vibrations of large macromolecules reside in the terahertz range. In particular, protein vibrations are closely spaced in frequency, resulting in a nearly continuous vibrational density of states. This density of vibrations interferes with the identification of specific absorption lines and their subsequent association with specific functional motions. This challenge is compounded with the absorption being dominated by the solvent and local relaxational motions. A strategy for removing the isotropic relaxational loss and isolating specific vibrations is to use aligned samples and polarization-sensitive measurements. Here, we demonstrate a technique to rapidly attain the anisotropic resonant absorbance using terahertz time domain spectroscopy and a spinning sample. The technique, modulated orientation-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy (MOSTS), has a nonzero signal only for anisotropic samples, as demonstrated by a comparison between a silicon wafer and a wire grid polarizer. For sucrose and oxalic acid molecular crystals, the MOSTS response is in agreement with modeled results for the intermolecular vibrations. Further, we demonstrate that, even in the presence of a large relaxational background, MOSTS isolates underlying vibrational resonances. (C) 2016 Chinese Laser Press

}, keywords = {absorption-spectroscopy, dynamics, enzyme catalysis, low-frequency modes, lysozyme, neutron-scattering, Optics, perspective, polarization modulation, proteins, water}, isbn = {2327-9125}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.4.0000A1}, author = {Singh, R. and George, D. K. and Bae, C. J. and Niessen, K. A. and Markelz, A. G.} } @proceedings {218, title = {Measuring phonons in protein crystals}, volume = {8623}, year = {2013}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BGG42
Times Cited: 0
Cited Reference Count: 5
Cited References:
Bahar I, 2005, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V15, P586, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.007
BROOKS B, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P4995, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4995
BROOKS BR, 1983, J COMPUT CHEM, V4, P187, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540040211
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Planken PCM, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P975, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9824-3
Acbas, Gheorghe Niessen, Katherine A. George, Deepu K. Snell, Edward Markelz, A. G.
Proceedings Paper
Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XVII
Feb 03-06, 2013
San Francisco, CA
SPIE, Femtolasers Inc
Snell, Edward/G-2055-2018; George, Deepu/J-9882-2014
Snell, Edward/0000-0001-8714-3191; George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
National Science Foundation MRI2 [DBI2959989]
We thank the National Science Foundation MRI2 grant DBI2959989 for support.
1000 20th st, po box 10, bellingham, wa 98227-0010 usa
0277-786x
862305}, publisher = {Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering}, address = {Bellingham}, abstract = {

Using Terahertz near field microscopy we find orientation dependent narrow band absorption features for lysozyme crystals. Here we discuss identification of protein collective modes associated with the observed features. Using normal mode calculations we find good agreement with several of the measured features, suggesting that the modes arise from internal molecular motions and not crystal phonons. Such internal modes have been associated with protein function.

}, keywords = {correlated motions, dynamics, mode, molecular crystals, molecular vibrations, normal modes, phonons, protein dynamics, spectroscopy, Terahertz}, isbn = {978-0-8194-9392-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006275}, author = {Acbas, G. and Niessen, K. A. and George, D. K. and Snell, E. and Markelz, A. G.}, editor = {Betz, M. and Elezzabi, A. Y. and Song, J. J. and Tsen, K. T.} } @article {184, title = {Photoactive yellow protein terahertz response: hydration, heating and intermediate states}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, pages = {288-294}, isbn = {2156-342X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2256233}, author = {George, Deepu K and Knab, Joseph R and He, Yunfen and Kumauchi, Masato and Birge, Robert R and Hoff, Wouter D and Markelz, Andrea G} } @article {202, title = {Improved mode assignment for molecular crystals through anisotropic terahertz spectroscopy}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry A}, volume = {116}, number = {42}, year = {2012}, pages = {10359-10364}, isbn = {1089-5639}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/jp307288r}, author = {Singh, Rohit and George, Deepu Koshy and Benedict, Jason B and Korter, Timothy M and Markelz, Andrea G} } @article {221, title = {Terahertz Response and Colossal Kerr Rotation from the Surface States of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {108}, number = {8}, year = {2012}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 896NY
Times Cited: 164
Cited Reference Count: 35
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Xiong J., PHYSICA A E IN PRESS
Zhang XA, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.245107
Aguilar, R. Valdes Stier, A. V. Liu, W. Bilbro, L. S. George, D. K. Bansal, N. Wu, L. Cerne, J. Markelz, A. G. Oh, S. Armitage, N. P.
George, Deepu/J-9882-2014; Aguilar, Rolando Valdes/A-6637-2012; Liu, Wei/H-5999-2012; Wu, Liang/C-8715-2015
George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705; Aguilar, Rolando Valdes/0000-0002-4321-4792; Wu, Liang/0000-0003-1696-7809; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
"Institute for Quantum Matter" DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationGordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [MRI-R2 0959989, DMR-1006078, DMR-0845464]; IAMDN of Rutgers University; ONROffice of Naval Research [N000140910749]; Division Of Materials ResearchNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Mathematical \& Physical Sciences (MPS) [0845464] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The authors would like to thank H. D. Drew, J. Hancock, Z. Hao, G. S. Jenkins, A. Kuzmenko, A. MacDonald, N. A. Mecholsky, A. J. Pearson, O. Tchernyshyov, W-K. Tse, and Y. Wan for helpful discussions and/or correspondences. Support for the measurements at JHU was provided under the auspices of the "Institute for Quantum Matter" DOE DE-FG02-08ER46544 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The work at UB was supported by NSF MRI-R2 0959989 and NSF DMR-1006078. The work at Rutgers was supported by IAMDN of Rutgers University, NSF DMR-0845464 and ONR N000140910749.
166
3
157
Amer physical soc
College pk}, month = {Feb}, pages = {5}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

We report the THz response of thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3. At low frequencies, transport is essentially thickness independent showing the dominant contribution of the surface electrons. Despite their extended exposure to ambient conditions, these surfaces exhibit robust properties including narrow, almost thickness-independent Drude peaks, and an unprecedentedly large polarization rotation of linearly polarized light reflected in an applied magnetic field. This Kerr rotation can be as large as 65 degrees and can be explained by a cyclotron resonance effect of the surface states.

}, keywords = {bi2te3, Physics}, isbn = {0031-9007}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.108.087403}, author = {Aguilar, R. V. and Stier, A. V. and Liu, W. and Bilbro, L. S. and George, D. K. and Bansal, N. and Wu, L. and Cerne, J. and Markelz, A. G. and Oh, S. and Armitage, N. P.} } @article {243, title = {Terahertz response of quantum point contacts}, journal = {Applied Physics LettersApplied Physics LettersApplied Physics Letters}, volume = {92}, number = {22}, year = {2008}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 310KL
Times Cited: 25
Cited Reference Count: 21
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Ryzhii V, 2006, JPN J APPL PHYS 2, V45, pL1118, DOI 10.1143/JJAP.45.L1118
Shaner EA, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2735943
Shaner EA, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2128057
Teppe F, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2005394
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Song, J. W. Kabir, N. A. Kawano, Y. Ishibashi, K. Aizin, G. R. Mourokh, L. Reno, J. L. Markelz, A. G. Bird, J. P.
Ishibashi, Koji/G-7065-2012; Bird, Jonathan P/G-4068-2010
Ishibashi, Koji/0000-0001-8131-9969; Bird, Jonathan P/0000-0002-6966-9007; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
27

6
Amer inst physics
Melville
1077-3118}, month = {Jun}, pages = {3}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

We measure a clear terahertz response in the low-temperature conductance of a quantum point contact at 1.4 and 2.5 THz. We show that this photoresponse does not arise from a heating effect, but that it is instead excellently described by a classical model of terahertz-induced gate-voltage rectification. This effect is distinct from the rectification mechanisms that have been studied previously, being determined by the phase-dependent interference of the source drain and gate voltage modulations induced by the terahertz field. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

}, keywords = {detector, devices, field-effect transistors, Physics, plasma-waves, radiation, resonant detection, subterahertz, transport}, isbn = {0003-6951}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2938416}, author = {Song, J. W. and Kabir, N. A. and Kawano, Y. and Ishibashi, K. and Aizin, G. R. and Mourokh, L. and Reno, J. L. and Markelz, A. G. and Bird, J. P.} } @article {222, title = {Terahertz spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin: Similarities and differences}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {94}, number = {8}, year = {2008}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 280IP
Times Cited: 50
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Zhang, Hailiang/F-8325-2010
Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
52

27
Cell press
Cambridge
1542-0086}, month = {Apr}, pages = {3217-3226}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

We studied the low-frequency terahertz spectroscopy of two photoactive protein systems, rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, as a means to characterize collective low-frequency motions in helical transmembrane proteins. From this work, we found that the nature of the vibrational motions activated by terahertz radiation is surprisingly similar between these two structurally similar proteins. Specifically, at the lowest frequencies probed, the cytoplasmic loop regions of the proteins are highly active; and at the higher terahertz frequencies studied, the extracellular loop regions of the protein systems become vibrationally activated. In the case of bacteriorhodopsin, the calculated terahertz spectra are compared with the experimental terahertz signature. This work illustrates the importance of terahertz spectroscopy to identify vibrational degrees of freedom which correlate to known conformational changes in these proteins.

}, keywords = {Biophysics, bovine rhodopsin, conformational-changes, elastic, frequency normal-modes, light activation, molecular-dynamics simulation, neutron-scattering, protein-coupled receptors, transmembrane helices, vibrational-modes, wild-type}, isbn = {0006-3495}, doi = {10.1529/biophysj.107.105163}, author = {Balu, R. and Zhang, H. and Zukowski, E. and Chen, J. Y. and Markelz, A. G. and Gregurick, S. K.} } @article {229, title = {Terahertz transmission characteristics of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas systems}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {89}, number = {13}, year = {2006}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 089JE
Times Cited: 18
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Bird, Jonathan P/G-4068-2010
Bird, Jonathan P/0000-0002-6966-9007; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
18

15
Amer inst physics
Melville}, month = {Sep}, pages = {3}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Frequency-dependent complex conductivity of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) systems is studied by terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Determining the momentum relaxation time from a Drude model, the authors find a lower value than that from dc measurements, particularly at high frequencies/low temperatures. These deviations are consistent with the ratio tau(t)/tau(q,) where tau(q) is the full scattering time. This suggests that small-angle scattering leads to weaker heating of 2DEGs at low temperatures than expected from dc mobilit9y. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

}, keywords = {field-effect transistors, photoconductivity, Physics, plasma-waves, radiation, resonant detection, subterahertz}, isbn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/1.2357605}, author = {Kabir, N. A. and Yoon, Y. and Knab, J. R. and Chen, J. Y. and Markelz, A. G. and Reno, J. L. and Sadofyev, Y. and Johnson, S. and Zhang, Y. H. and Bird, J. P.} } @proceedings {310, title = {Terahertz measurements of the Photoactive Protein Bacteriorhodopsin mutant D96N: M and P states}, volume = {826}, year = {2004}, pages = {pages261{\textendash}267}, address = {Warrendale, PA}, abstract = {

We use terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a biomaterials characterization tool. Previously we have shown a strong contrast between the THz dielectric response for wild type (WT) and D96N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin. In those studies we observed a large increase in the THz absorbance of WT with excitation to thermally captured photo-intermediates whereas no such increase in absorbance was observed for the mutant D96N. These results suggest that the THz response is sensitive to structural changes and relative flexibility of biomolecules. However the photo-intermediate populations of the WT and D96N samples were not equivalent in those measurements. While the WT samples had relaxed (bR), M and P state intermediates present, the D96N samples had only bR and M states. Here we present terahertz absorbance measurements of D96N as a function of M and P state populations at room temperature. The THz response is constant for intermediate states populations up to 23\% M state and up to 30\% P state. These results verify that there is a fundamental difference in the conformational dynamics as measured by THz dielectric response for a single residue mutation.

}, doi = {10.1557/PROC-826-V2.6}, author = {Chen, C.-Y. and Knab, J. R. and Cerne, J. and Hillebrecht, J. R. and Birge, R. R. and Markelz, A. G.} } @article {273, title = {Protein flexibility and conformational state: A comparison of collective vibrational modes of wild-type and D96N bacteriorhodopsin}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 705ZZ
Times Cited: 117
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCESUnited States Department of Health \& Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER; NIGMS NIH HHSUnited States Department of Health \& Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01 GM034548, R01 GM034548-15] Funding Source: Medline
122
3
31
Cell press
Cambridge
1542-0086}, month = {Aug}, pages = {1269-1277}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Far infrared ( FIR) spectral measurements of wild-type (WT) and D96N mutant bacteriorhodopsin thin films have been carried out using terahertz time domain spectroscopy as a function of hydration, temperature, and conformational state. The results are compared to calculated spectra generated via normal mode analyses using CHARMM. We find that the FIR absorbance is slowly increasing with frequency and without strong narrow features over the range of 2-60 cm(-1) and up to a resolution of 0.17 cm(-1). The broad absorption shifts in frequency with decreasing temperature as expected with a strongly anharmonic potential and in agreement with neutron inelastic scattering results. Decreasing hydration shifts the absorption to higher frequencies, possibly resulting from decreased coupling mediated by the interior water molecules. Ground-state FIR absorbances have nearly identical frequency dependence, with the mutant having less optical density than the WT. In the M state, the FIR absorbance of the WT increases whereas there is no change for D96N. These results represent the first measurement of FIR absorbance change as a function of conformational state.

}, keywords = {angstrom resolution, Biophysics, dna, films, frequency, harmonic-analysis, inelastic neutron-scattering, large systems, mixed basis, normal-modes, purple membranes, structural-changes, transform infrared-spectroscopy}, isbn = {0006-3495}, doi = {10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74562-7}, author = {Whitmire, S. E. and Wolpert, D. and Markelz, A. G. and Hillebrecht, J. R. and Galan, J. and Birge, R. R.} } @proceedings {314, title = {Terahertz Biosensors based on Xerogel Substrates}, year = {2003}, address = {Santa Barbara, CA}, author = {Chen, J.-Y. and Cox, W. and Bright, F. V. and Cerne, J. and Markelz, A. G.} } @proceedings {315, title = {Ultrafast THz spectroscopy of photoactive biomolecules}, year = {2003}, month = {01/2003}, pages = {146-153}, address = {San Jose, California}, author = {Chen, J.-Y. and Whitmire, S. E. and Markelz, A. G. and Hillebrecht, J. R. and Birge, R. R.} } @article {194, title = {THz time domain spectroscopy of biomolecular conformational modes}, journal = {Physics in Medicine \& Biology}, volume = {47}, number = {21}, year = {2002}, pages = {3797}, isbn = {0031-9155}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/318}, author = {Markelz, Andrea and Whitmire, Scott and Hillebrecht, Jay and Birge, Robert} } @proceedings {316, title = {Terahertz Time domain spectroscopy of the M intermediate state of Bacteriorhodopsin}, year = {2001}, month = {09/2001}, pages = {345-348}, address = {Toulouse, France}, author = {Whitmire, S. and Markelz, A. G. and Hillebrecht, J. R. and Birge, R. R.} } @article {266, title = {Interband impact ionization by terahertz illumination of InAs heterostructures}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {69}, number = {26}, year = {1996}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VY894
Times Cited: 91
Cited Reference Count: 17
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Markelz, AG Asmar, NG Brar, B Gwinn, EG
Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
92

6
Amer inst physics
Melville
1077-3118}, month = {Dec}, pages = {3975-3977}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Experimental studies of InAs heterostructures illuminated by far-infrared (FIR) radiation reveal an abrupt increase in the charge density for FIR intensities above a threshold value that rises with increasing frequency. We attribute this charge density rise to interband impact ionization in a regime in which omega tau(m) similar to 1, where tau(m) is the momentum relaxation time, and f=omega/2 pi is the FIR frequency. The dependence of the density rise on the FIR field strength supports this interpretation, and gives threshold fields of 3.7-8.9 kV/cm for the frequency range 0.3-0.66 THz. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.

}, keywords = {energy, far-infrared excitation, inas/alsb quantum-wells, inplane, modulation, Physics}, isbn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/1.117842}, author = {Markelz, A. G. and Asmar, N. G. and Brar, B. and Gwinn, E. G.} } @inbook {304, title = {Third Harmonic Generation in a Gaas/Algaas Superlattice in the Bloch Oscillator Regime}, booktitle = {Hot Carriers in Semiconductors}, volume = {eds. Hess, Karl, Leburton, J.P., Ravaioli, U.}, year = {1996}, pages = {161-163}, publisher = {Plenum Press}, organization = {Plenum Press}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781461380351}, author = {Wanke, M. C. and Markelz, A. G. and Unterrainer, K. and Allen, S. J. and Bhatt, R.} } @article {262, title = {QUENCHING OF EXCITONIC QUANTUM-WELL PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BY INTENSE FAR-INFRARED RADIATION - FREE-CARRIER HEATING}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {51}, number = {8}, year = {1995}, note = {Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017
Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
29}, month = {Feb 15}, pages = {5253-5262}, isbn = {0163-1829}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.51.5253}, author = {Cerne, J. and Markelz, A. G. and Sherwin, M. S. and Allen, S. J. and Sundaram, M. and Gossard, A. C. and Vanson, P. C. and Bimberg, D.} } @proceedings {317, title = {Third harmonic generation in a GaAs/AlGaAs Superlattice in the Bloch Oscillator Regime}, year = {1995}, month = {07/1995}, pages = {161-163}, address = {Chicago, IL}, author = {Wanke, M. C. and Markelz, A.G. and Unterrainer, K. and Allen, S. J. and Bhatt, R.} } @proceedings {318, title = {Frequency Dependence of the Third Order Susceptibility of InAs Quantum Wells at Terahertz Frequencies}, year = {1994}, month = {08/1994}, pages = {1193-1196}, author = {Markelz, A.G. and Cerne, J. and Gwinn, E. G. and Brar, B. and Kroemer, H.} } @proceedings {320, title = {Far-infrared nonlinear response of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures}, volume = {1854}, year = {1993}, pages = {36-47}, author = {Sherwin, M. S. and Asmar, N. G. and Bewley, W. W. and Craig, K. and Felix, C. L. and Galdrikian, B. and Gwinn, E. G. and Markelz, A.G. and Gossard, A. C. and Hopkins, P. F. and Sundaram, M. and Birnir, B.} } @proceedings {321, title = {Conversion of 124 and 123 + cupric oxide: microstructure and phase diagram}, volume = {169}, year = {1990}, pages = {245-248}, author = {Morris, D. E. and Nickel, J. H. and Markelz, A.G. and Gronksy, R. and Fendorf, M. and Burmester, C. P.} }