@article {238, title = {Linear dichroism infrared resonance in overdoped, underdoped, and optimally doped cuprate superconductors}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {102}, number = {5}, year = {2020}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NE5GO
Times Cited: 0
Cited Reference Count: 30
Cited References:
Acbas G, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V103, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.137201
Armitage NP, 2014, PHYS REV B, V90, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.035135
Arpaia R, 2018, PHY REV MATER, V2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.024804
Basov DN, 2005, REV MOD PHYS, V77, P721, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.721
Blumberg G, 1996, PHYS REV B, V53, P11930, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.R11930
Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV LETT, V84, P3418, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3418
Fauque B, 2006, PHYS REV LETT, V96, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.197001
Fridman I, 2011, PHYS REV B, V84, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.104522
George DK, 2012, J OPT SOC AM B, V29, P1406, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.29.001406
Halperin B. I., 1991, SPRINGER P PHYS, V60, P439
Humlicek J, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P14554, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14554
KOREN G, 1989, APPL PHYS LETT, V54, P1054, DOI 10.1063/1.101559
Koren G, 2016, PHYS REV B, V94, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.174515
Lubashevsky Y, 2014, PHYS REV LETT, V112, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.147001
Mukherjee A, 2019, PHYS REV B, V99, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.99.085440
Nie LM, 2014, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V111, P7980, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1406019111
Orenstein J, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V107, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.067002
PISAREV RV, 1991, PHASE TRANSIT, V37, P63, DOI 10.1080/01411599108203448
Simon ME, 2002, PHYS REV LETT, V89, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.247003
TROFIMOV IE, 1994, APPL PHYS LETT, V65, P2481, DOI 10.1063/1.112671
Varma CM, 2014, EPL-EUROPHYS LETT, V106, DOI 10.1209/0295-5075/106/27001
Varma CM, 1997, PHYS REV B, V55, P14554, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.14554
Wu J, 2017, NATURE, V547, P432, DOI 10.1038/nature23290
Xia J, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V100, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.127002
Yakes MK, 2010, NANO LETT, V10, P1559, DOI 10.1021/nl9035302
Yakovenko VM, 2015, PHYSICA B, V460, P159, DOI 10.1016/j.physb.2014.11.060
Zhang H, 2018, PHYS REV MATER, V2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.033803
Zhang J, 2018, SCI ADV, V4, DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aao5235
Zhao L, 2017, NAT PHYS, V13, P250, DOI [10.1038/nphys3962, 10.1038/NPHYS3962]
Zhao L., 2018, ENCY MODERN OPTICS, P207
Mukherjee, A. Seo, J. Arik, M. M. Zhang, H. Zhang, C. C. Kirzhner, T. George, D. K. Markelz, A. G. Armitage, N. P. Koren, G. Wei, J. Y. T. Cerne, J.
NSF-DMR GrantNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1410599]; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [MCB 1616529, DMR 1905519]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]; NSERCNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); CFI-OITCanada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Institute for Advanced ResearchCanadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
We are indebted to D. Hsieh, S. A. Kivelson, C. M. Varma, and L. Zhao for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from NSF-DMR Grant No. 1410599 (J.C.). A.G.M. and D.K.G. were supported by NSF Grant No. MCB 1616529 and DOE Grant No. DE-SC0016317. Work in Toronto was supported by NSERC, CFI-OIT, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. J.Y.T.W. thanks Kejun Xu for laboratory assistance in Toronto. N.P.A. was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR 1905519.

9
Amer physical soc
College pk
2469-9969}, month = {Aug}, pages = {6}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

By measuring the polarization changes in terahertz, infrared, and visible radiation over an extended energy range (3-2330 meV), we observe symmetry breaking in cuprate high-temperature superconductors over wide energy, doping, and temperature ranges. We measure the polarization rotation (Re[theta(F)]) and ellipticity (Im[theta(F)]) of transmitted radiation through thin films as the sample is rotated. We observe a twofold rotational symmetry in theta(F), which is associated with linear dichroism (LD) and occurs when electromagnetic radiation polarized along one direction is absorbed more strongly than radiation polarized in the perpendicular direction. Such polarization anisotropies can be generally associated with symmetry breakings. We measure the amplitude of the LD signal and study its temperature, energy, and doping dependence. The LD signal shows a resonant behavior with a peak in the few hundred meV range, which is coincident with the midinfrared optical feature that has been associated with the formation of the pseudogap state. The strongest LD signal is found in underdoped films, although it is also observed in optimally and overdoped samples. The LD signal is consistent with an electronic nematic order which is decoupled from the crystallographic axes as well as novel magnetoelectric effects.

}, keywords = {Materials Science, Physics}, isbn = {2469-9950}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.102.054520}, author = {Mukherjee, A. and Seo, J. and Arik, M. M. and Zhang, H. and Zhang, C. C. and Kirzhner, T. and George, D. K. and Markelz, A. G. and Armitage, N. P. and Koren, G. and Wei, J. Y. T. and Cerne, J.} } @article {224, title = {The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap}, journal = {Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, year = {2017}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: EI0HL
Times Cited: 541
Cited Reference Count: 209
Cited References:
Adam AJL, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P976, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9809-2
Ahmed SS, 2012, IEEE MICROW MAG, V13, P26, DOI 10.1109/MMM.2012.2205772
Alliance N., 2015, CISC VIS NETW IND GL, P1
[Anonymous], 2013, 178512012 IEEE
[Anonymous], 2014, IEEE T ELECT DEVICES, V61
[Anonymous], 2012, 178522016 IEEE
[Anonymous], 2015, P17852 IEEE
Appleby R, 2015, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V9462
Arnone DD, 1999, PROC SPIE, V3828, P209, DOI 10.1117/12.361037
Ashworth PC, 2009, OPT EXPRESS, V17, P12444, DOI 10.1364/OE.17.012444
AUSTON DH, 1988, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, V24, P184, DOI 10.1109/3.114
Barbieri S, 2011, NAT PHOTONICS, V5, P306, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.49, 10.1038/nphoton.2011.49]
Barker RJ., 2005, MODERN MICROWAVE MIL
Basov DN, 2011, REV MOD PHYS, V83, P471, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.83.471
Bauwens M. F., 2014, P IEEEMTT S INT MICR, P1, DOI [10.1109/MWSYM.2014.68486 07, DOI 10.1109/MWSYM.2014.6848607]
Beard MC, 2002, NANO LETT, V2, P983, DOI 10.1021/nl0256210
Beard MC, 2000, PHYS REV B, V62, P15764, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764
Bechtel HA, 2014, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V111, P7191, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1400502111
Belkin MA, 2008, OPT EXPRESS, V16, P3242, DOI 10.1364/OE.16.003242
Belkin MA, 2015, PHYS SCRIPTA, V90, DOI 10.1088/0031-8949/90/11/118002
Bell R., 2012, INTRO FOURIER TRANSF
Berry CW, 2013, NAT COMMUN, V4, DOI 10.1038/ncomms2638
Blanchard F, 2011, OPT EXPRESS, V19, P8277, DOI 10.1364/OE.19.008277
Blau J, 2013, P FREE EL LAS FEL 20, P486
Booske JH, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P54, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2151610
Booske JH, 2008, PHYS PLASMAS, V15, DOI 10.1063/1.2838240
Boppel S, 2012, 2012 IEEE 12TH TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS (SIRF), P77, DOI 10.1109/SiRF.2012.6160142
Burghoff D, 2014, NAT PHOTONICS, V8, P462, DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2014.85
Busch SF, 2014, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V35, P993, DOI 10.1007/s10762-014-0113-9
Byrne MB, 2011, APPL PHYS LETT, V98, DOI 10.1063/1.3579258
Carr GL, 2002, NATURE, V420, P153, DOI 10.1038/nature01175
Carranza IE, 2015, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V5, P892, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2463673
Castro-Camus E, 2007, OPT EXPRESS, V15, P7047, DOI 10.1364/OE.15.007047
Chan WL, 2007, REP PROG PHYS, V70, P1325, DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/70/8/R02
Chattopadhyay G, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P33, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2159561
Chen HT, 2003, APPL PHYS LETT, V83, P3009, DOI 10.1063/1.1616668
Chen JN, 2012, NATURE, V487, P77, DOI 10.1038/nature11254
Cocker T L, 2016, J PHYS D, V16, P1421
Cocker TL, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P620, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.151, 10.1038/nphoton.2013.151]
Coleman B, 2001, Issue Brief (Public Policy Inst (Am Assoc Retired Pers)), P1
Cooper KB, 2014, IEEE MICROW MAG, V15, P51, DOI 10.1109/MMM.2014.2356092
Cruz F C, 2007, C MICR OPT
Cunningham J, 2010, ELECTRON LETT, V46, pS34, DOI 10.1049/el.2010.3317
Dean P, 2011, OPT LETT, V36, P2587, DOI 10.1364/OL.36.002587
Dietz RJB, 2014, OPT LETT, V39, P6482, DOI 10.1364/OL.39.006482
Dietz RJB, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P19411, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.019411
Dobrovolsky V, 2007, SEMICOND SCI TECH, V22, P103, DOI 10.1088/0268-1242/22/2/017
Ducournau G, 2014, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V4, P328, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2309006
Dunsmore J.P., 2012, HDB MICROWAVE COMPON
Duvillaret L, 1999, APPL OPTICS, V38, P409, DOI 10.1364/AO.38.000409
Eisele M, 2014, NAT PHOTONICS, V8, P841, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2014.225, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.225]
Falconer RJ, 2012, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V33, P973, DOI 10.1007/s10762-012-9915-9
Fathololoumi S, 2012, OPT EXPRESS, V20, P3866, DOI 10.1364/OE.20.003866
Fausti D, 2011, SCIENCE, V331, P189, DOI 10.1126/science.1197294
Federici J, 2010, J APPL PHYS, V107, DOI 10.1063/1.3386413
Fei Z, 2012, NATURE, V487, P82, DOI 10.1038/nature11253
FETTERMAN HR, 1974, APPL PHYS LETT, V24, P70, DOI 10.1063/1.1655098
Freeman JR, 2013, OPT EXPRESS, V21, P16162, DOI 10.1364/OE.21.016162
Frisk U, 2003, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V402, pL27, DOI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030335
Garet F, 2014, APPL PHYS LETT, V105, DOI 10.1063/1.4890732
Gavrilov NG, 2007, NUCL INSTRUM METH A, V575, P54, DOI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.023
Gensch M., 2013, P 35 INT FREE EL LAS, P474
George DK, 2012, J OPT SOC AM B, V29, P1406, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.29.001406
Giliberti V, 2013, APPL PHYS LETT, V103, DOI 10.1063/1.4819734
Grant J, 2013, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V7, P1043, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201300087
Green B, 2016, SCI REP-UK, V6, DOI 10.1038/srep22256
Griffith P.R., 2007, FOURIER TRANSFORM IN
GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1990, J OPT SOC AM B, V7, P2006, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.7.002006
Gruene P, 2008, SCIENCE, V321, P674, DOI 10.1126/science.1161166
Han NR, 2014, OPT LETT, V39, P3480, DOI 10.1364/OL.39.003480
Han RN, 2013, IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC, V48, P2296, DOI 10.1109/JSSC.2013.2269856
Hanham SM, 2015, APPL PHYS LETT, V107, DOI 10.1063/1.4927242
Hassel J, 2015, PROC SPIE, V9651, DOI 10.1117/12.2197522
Hauri CP, 2011, APPL PHYS LETT, V99, DOI 10.1063/1.3655331
He W, 2015, APPL PHYS LETT, V107, DOI 10.1063/1.4932099
Hebling J, 2002, OPT EXPRESS, V10, P1161, DOI 10.1364/OE.10.001161
Heinz E, 2015, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V36, P879, DOI 10.1007/s10762-015-0170-8
Henry SC, 2012, OPT ENG, V51, DOI 10.1117/1.OE.51.9.091603
Hesler J L, 2006, P 7 INT S SPAC TER T, P215
Hintzsche H, 2012, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V42, P2408, DOI 10.1080/10643389.2011.574206
Hishida M, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V106, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.158102
Ho IC, 2010, OPT EXPRESS, V18, P2872, DOI 10.1364/OE.18.002872
HU BB, 1995, OPT LETT, V20, P1716, DOI 10.1364/OL.20.001716
Huang C, 2012, PHYS REV B, V85
Huber R, 2001, NATURE, V414, P286, DOI 10.1038/35104522
Jankowiak A., 2013, Synchrotron Radiation News, V26, P22, DOI 10.1080/08940886.2013.791212
Jepsen PU, 2007, CHEM PHYS LETT, V442, P275, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.05.112
Jepsen PU, 2011, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V5, P124, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201000011
Jepsen PU, 2005, OPT LETT, V30, P29, DOI 10.1364/OL.30.000029
JUICE-Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, 2014, SRE20141 JUICE EUR S, P1
Kallfass I, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P477, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2160021
Kampfrath T, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P680, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2013.184, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.184]
Kan T, 2015, NAT COMMUN, V6, DOI 10.1038/ncomms9422
Karpowicz N, 2008, APPL PHYS LETT, V92, DOI 10.1063/1.2828709
Kehr SC, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V100, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.256403
Kemp MC, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P282, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2159647
Khalid A, 2014, J APPL PHYS, V115, DOI 10.1063/1.4868705
Kirley MP, 2015, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V5, P1012, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2468074
Kiwa T, 2003, OPT LETT, V28, P2058, DOI 10.1364/OL.28.002058
Koch M, 2001, NATO SCI SER II MATH, V27, P241
Koenig S, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P977, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2013.275, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.275]
Kohler R, 2002, NATURE, V417, P156, DOI 10.1038/417156a
Koppens FHL, 2014, NAT NANOTECHNOL, V9, P780, DOI [10.1038/nnano.2014.215, 10.1038/NNANO.2014.215]
Kosarev A, 2010, SOLID STATE ELECTRON, V54, P417, DOI 10.1016/j.sse.2009.12.032
Kundu I, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P16595, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.016595
Kuznetsov SA, 2010, KEY ENG MATER, V437, P276, DOI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.437.276
Langevin Y, 2005, PAYLOAD MISSION DEFI
LaRue JL, 2015, PHYS REV LETT, V115, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.036103
Leitenstorfer A, 2014, NEW J PHYS, V16, DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/4/045016
Leitner DM, 2006, INT REV PHYS CHEM, V25, P553, DOI 10.1080/01442350600862117
Li LH, 2014, ELECTRON LETT, V50, P309, DOI 10.1049/el.2013.4035
Liu L, 2010, IEEE MICROW WIREL CO, V20, P504, DOI 10.1109/LMWC.2010.2055553
Liu SC, 2016, OPT EXPRESS, V24, P2728, DOI 10.1364/OE.24.002728
Lu X H, 2008, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V7277
Luukanen A, 2003, APPL PHYS LETT, V82, P3970, DOI 10.1063/1.1579562
Mann C, 2009, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V7311, P3970
Mickan S, 2004, PROC SPIE, V5277, P54, DOI 10.1117/12.530386
Mineo M, 2010, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V57, P3169, DOI 10.1109/TED.2010.2071876
Mittleman DM, 1996, IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT, V2, P679, DOI 10.1109/2944.571768
Mittleman DM, 1999, APPL PHYS B-LASERS O, V68, P1085, DOI 10.1007/s003400050750
Moon K, 2012, APPL PHYS LETT, V101, DOI 10.1063/1.4733475
Muller AS, 2010, REV ACCEL SCI TECH, V3, P165, DOI 10.1142/S1793626810000427
Muller R, 2015, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V36, P654, DOI 10.1007/s10762-015-0163-7
Naftaly M, 2015, TERAHERTZ METROLOGY, P1
Nagai M, 2015, OPT EXPRESS, V23, P4641, DOI 10.1364/OE.23.004641
Nagatsuma T, 2012, OPT EXPRESS, V21, P477
Nagel M, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P154, DOI 10.1063/1.1428619
Navarro-Cia M, 2015, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V36, P542, DOI 10.1007/s10762-015-0157-5
Nielsen K, 2009, OPT EXPRESS, V17, P8592, DOI 10.1364/OE.17.008592
Niessen Katherine A, 2015, Biophys Rev, V7, P201, DOI 10.1007/s12551-015-0168-4
Nordquist CD, 2011, IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT, V17, P130, DOI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2049095
Oh SJ, 2012, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V33, P74, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9847-9
Ojefors E, 2009, IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC, V44, P1968, DOI 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2021911
Ortolani M, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V97
Ozerov M, 2014, PHYS REV LETT, V113, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.157205
Paoloni C, 2013, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V60, P1236, DOI 10.1109/TED.2013.2240686
Parrott EPJ, 2015, APPL SPECTROSC, V69, P1, DOI 10.1366/14-07707
Patrashin M, 2015, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V62, P1068, DOI 10.1109/TED.2015.2393358
Peiponen K. E., 2013, TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCO, V171
Peng K, 2015, NANO LETT, V15, P206, DOI 10.1021/nl5033843
Pickwell E, 2004, APPL PHYS LETT, V84, P2190, DOI 10.1063/1.1688448
Ponnampalam L, 2011, J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL, V29, P2229, DOI 10.1109/JLT.2011.2158186
Pupeza I, 2007, OPT EXPRESS, V15, P4335, DOI 10.1364/OE.15.004335
Rauter P, 2015, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V9, P452, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201500095
Reid CB, 2011, PHYS MED BIOL, V56, P4333, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/56/14/008
Reid J R, 2012, IEEE 12 TOP M SIL MO, P17
Rosch M, 2015, NAT PHOTONICS, V9, P42, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2014.279, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.279]
Rudd JV, 2000, PROC SPIE, V3934, P27, DOI 10.1117/12.386344
Rymanov V, 2015, PHOTONICS, V2, DOI 10.3390/photonics2041152
SANTOS Daisy Conceicao, 2014, THESIS
Scherger B, 2011, APPL OPTICS, V50, P2256, DOI 10.1364/AO.50.002256
Schleicher JM, 2009, J APPL PHYS, V105, DOI 10.1063/1.3133093
Schumann S, 2012, OPT EXPRESS, V20, P19200, DOI 10.1364/OE.20.019200
Seeds AJ, 2015, J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL, V33, P579, DOI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2355137
Sell A, 2008, OPT LETT, V33, P2767, DOI 10.1364/OL.33.002767
Shams H, 2015, IEEE PHOTONICS J, V7, DOI 10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2438437
Shams H, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P23465, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.023465
Shen YC, 2004, APPL PHYS LETT, V85, P164, DOI 10.1063/1.1768313
Simoens F., 2014, PHILOS T A, V372, P1
Simoens F, 2011, 36 INT C INFR MILL T, P1
Singh A, 2015, OPT EXPRESS, V23, P6656, DOI 10.1364/OE.23.006656
Sirtori C, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P691, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.208, 10.1038/nphoton.2013.208]
SMITH PR, 1988, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, V24, P255, DOI 10.1109/3.121
Son JH, 2013, NANOTECHNOLOGY, V24, DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/21/214001
Swinyard B, 2013, SPIE SENSORS SYSTEMS
Sy S, 2010, PHYS MED BIOL, V55, P7587, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/55/24/013
Taylor ZD, 2015, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V5, P184, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2392628
Teppati V, 2013, CAMB RF MICROW ENG, P1, DOI 10.1017/CBO9781139567626
Tewari P, 2012, P SPIE, V8261
Thomas B., 2014, P 39 INT C INFR MILL, P1
Thumm M, 2014, KIT SCI REPORTS, V7693
Tonouchi M, 2007, NAT PHOTONICS, V1, P97, DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.3
Truong BCQ, 2015, IEEE T BIO-MED ENG, V62, P699, DOI 10.1109/TBME.2014.2364025
Turcinkova D, 2015, APPL PHYS LETT, V106, DOI 10.1063/1.4916653
Turner GM, 2002, J PHYS CHEM B, V106, P11716, DOI 10.1021/jp025844e
van der Valk NCJ, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1558, DOI 10.1063/1.1503404
van Dijk F, 2014, IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L, V26, P965, DOI 10.1109/LPT.2014.2309353
Vicario C, 2014, PHYS REV LETT, V112, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.213901
Vinh NQ, 2015, J CHEM PHYS, V142, DOI 10.1063/1.4918708
Vitiello MS, 2012, NAT PHOTONICS, V6, P525, DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2012.145
Vitiello MS, 2015, OPT EXPRESS, V23, P5167, DOI 10.1364/OE.23.005167
Vitiello MS, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms6884
Wade A, 2009, NAT PHOTONICS, V3, P41, DOI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2008.251
Wallace B., 2015, SPIE NEWSROOM, DOI [10.1117/2.1201503.005871, DOI 10.1117/2.1201503.005871]
Wallace VP, 2004, BRIT J DERMATOL, V151, P424, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06129.x
Wang FH, 2015, OPTICA, V2, P944, DOI 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000944
Weightman P, 2012, PHYS BIOL, V9, DOI 10.1088/1478-3975/9/5/053001
Wienold M, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P3334, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.003334
Wilk R, 2007, C LAS EL BALT MD
Williams BS, 2006, ELECTRON LETT, V42, P89, DOI 10.1049/el:20063921
Williams GP, 2006, REP PROG PHYS, V69, P301, DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/69/2/R01
Williams GP, 2008, NAT PHYS, V4, P356, DOI 10.1038/nphys958
Williams MRC, 2013, J PHYS CHEM B, V117, P10444, DOI 10.1021/jp406730a
Williams R, 2013, PHYS MED BIOL, V58, P373, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/58/2/373
Withayachumnankul W, 2008, J OPT SOC AM B, V25, P1059, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.001059
Woerner M, 2013, NEW J PHYS, V15, DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/025039
Woodward RM, 2003, J INVEST DERMATOL, V120, P72, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12013.x
Wu X, OPT LETT, V39, P5403
Wu ZR, 2013, REV SCI INSTRUM, V84, DOI 10.1063/1.4790427
Xu J, 2003, PROC SPIE, V5268, P19, DOI 10.1117/12.518533
Yamashita M, 2011, OPT EXPRESS, V19, P10864, DOI 10.1364/OE.19.010864
Yan F, 2013, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V34, P489, DOI 10.1007/s10762-013-0005-4
Yang SH, 2014, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V4, P575, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2342505
Yeh KL, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2734374
Zamora A, 2015, IEEE MTT S INT MICR
Zhao JF, 2011, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V58, P1221, DOI 10.1109/TED.2011.2109723
Zheludev NI, 2012, NAT MATER, V11, P917, DOI [10.1038/NMAT3431, 10.1038/nmat3431]
Zhou Y, 2010, PROG ELECTROMAGN RES, V105, P71, DOI 10.2528/PIER10041806
Zibik EA, 2009, NAT MATER, V8, P803, DOI [10.1038/nmat2511, 10.1038/NMAT2511]
Dhillon, S. S. Vitiello, M. S. Linfield, E. H. Davies, A. G. Hoffmann, Matthias C. Booske, John Paoloni, Claudio Gensch, M. Weightman, P. Williams, G. P. Castro-Camus, E. Cumming, D. R. S. Simoens, F. Escorcia-Carranza, I. Grant, J. Lucyszyn, Stepan Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto Konishi, Kuniaki Koch, Martin Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Cocker, Tyler L. Huber, Rupert Markelz, A. G. Taylor, Z. D. Wallace, Vincent P. Zeitler, J. Axel Sibik, Juraj Korter, Timothy M. Ellison, B. Rea, S. Goldsmith, P. Cooper, Ken B. Appleby, Roger Pardo, D. Huggard, P. G. Krozer, V. Shams, Haymen Fice, Martyn Renaud, Cyril Seeds, Alwyn Stoehr, Andreas Naftaly, Mira Ridler, Nick Clarke, Roland Cunningham, John E. Johnston, Michael B.
Huggard, Peter/U-2150-2019; Konishi, Kuniaki/AAN-3624-2020; Zeitler, J. Axel/B-4885-2008; Paoloni, Claudio/AAH-9824-2019; Hoffmann, Matthias C./N-1082-2019; Wallace, Vincent P/A-9320-2012; Johnston, Michael/B-9813-2008; Castro-Camus, Enrique/V-6861-2019; Krozer, Viktor/P-5623-2014; Hoffmann, Matthias C/B-3893-2009; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/AAA-3211-2020; Gonokami, Makoto/F-3641-2012; Shams, Haymen/H-3754-2012; Ridler, Nick/AAN-9637-2020; Huber, Rupert/N-4126-2018
Konishi, Kuniaki/0000-0003-2389-9787; Zeitler, J. Axel/0000-0002-4958-0582; Hoffmann, Matthias C./0000-0002-3596-9853; Wallace, Vincent P/0000-0003-3814-5400; Johnston, Michael/0000-0002-0301-8033; Krozer, Viktor/0000-0002-2387-1947; Hoffmann, Matthias C/0000-0002-3596-9853; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-0265-0862; Shams, Haymen/0000-0002-5333-6478; Huber, Rupert/0000-0001-6617-9283; Davies, Alexander/0000-0002-1987-4846; Seeds, Alwyn/0000-0002-5228-627X; Castro-Camus, Enrique/0000-0002-8218-9155; Cunningham, John/0000-0002-1805-9743; Naftaly, Mira/0000-0002-0671-822X; Cumming, David/0000-0002-7838-8362
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilUK Research \& Innovation (UKRI)Engineering \& Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/P015883/1, EP/M00306X/1, EP/K023349/1, EP/M017095/1, EP/L026597/1, EP/J017671/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Natural Environment Research CouncilUK Research \& Innovation (UKRI)NERC Natural Environment Research Council [NER/Z/S/2003/00642, NE/L012375/1, NER/Z/S/2000/01292] Funding Source: researchfish; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilUK Research \& Innovation (UKRI)Science \& Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P002056/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Direct For Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Biological InfrastructureNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Molecular and Cellular BioscienceNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1616529] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
566
30
462
Iop publishing ltd
Bristol
1361-6463}, month = {Feb}, pages = {49}, type = {Review}, abstract = {

Science and technologies based on terahertz frequency electromagnetic radiation (100 GHz-30 THz) have developed rapidly over the last 30 years. For most of the 20th Century, terahertz radiation, then referred to as sub-millimeter wave or far-infrared radiation, was mainly utilized by astronomers and some spectroscopists. Following the development of laser based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the 1980s and 1990s the field of THz science and technology expanded rapidly, to the extent that it now touches many areas from fundamental science to {\textquoteright}real world{\textquoteright} applications. For example THz radiation is being used to optimize materials for new solar cells, and may also be a key technology for the next generation of airport security scanners. While the field was emerging it was possible to keep track of all new developments, however now the field has grown so much that it is increasingly difficult to follow the diverse range of new discoveries and applications that are appearing. At this point in time, when the field of THz science and technology is moving from an emerging to a more established and interdisciplinary field, it is apt to present a roadmap to help identify the breadth and future directions of the field. The aim of this roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of THz science and technology in 2017, and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds. To be able to achieve this aim, we have invited a group of international experts to write 18 sections that cover most of the key areas of THz science and technology. We hope that The 2017 Roadmap on THz science and technology will prove to be a useful resource by providing a wide ranging introduction to the capabilities of THz radiation for those outside or just entering the field as well as providing perspective and breadth for those who are well established. We also feel that this review should serve as a useful guide for government and funding agencies.

}, keywords = {ex-vivo, generation, metal wave-guides, near-field, performance, photoconductive emitters, Physics, quantum-cascade lasers, radiation, semiconductors, Terahertz, thz, time-domain spectroscopy}, isbn = {0022-3727}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/50/4/043001}, author = {Dhillon, S. S. and Vitiello, M. S. and Linfield, E. H. and Davies, A. G. and Hoffmann, M. C. and Booske, J. and Paoloni, C. and Gensch, M. and Weightman, P. and Williams, G. P. and Castro-Camus, E. and Cumming, D. R. S. and Simoens, F. and Escorcia-Carranza, I. and Grant, J. and Lucyszyn, S. and Kuwata-Gonokami, M. and Konishi, K. and Koch, M. and Schmuttenmaer, C. A. and Cocker, T. L. and Huber, R. and Markelz, A. G. and Taylor, Z. D. and Wallace, V. P. and Zeitler, J. A. and Sibik, J. and Korter, T. M. and Ellison, B. and Rea, S. and Goldsmith, P. and Cooper, K. B. and Appleby, R. and Pardo, D. and Huggard, P. G. and Krozer, V. and Shams, H. and Fice, M. and Renaud, C. and Seeds, A. and Stohr, A. and Naftaly, M. and Ridler, N. and Clarke, R. and Cunningham, J. E. and Johnston, M. B.} } @article {187, title = {Evidence of protein collective motions on the picosecond timescale}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {100}, number = {4}, year = {2011}, pages = {1058-1065}, isbn = {0006-3495}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1016\%2Fj.bpj.2010.12.3731}, author = {He, Yunfen and Chen, J-Y and Knab, Joseph R and Zheng, Wenjun and Markelz, Andrea G} } @article {292, title = {Why is THz Sensitive to Protein Functional States? Oxidation State of Cytochrome C}, journal = {Terahertz Science and Technology}, volume = {3}, year = {2010}, chapter = {149-162}, abstract = {

We investigate the presence of structural collective motions on a picosecond time scale for the heme protein, cytochrome c, as a function of oxidation and hydration, using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Structural collective mode frequencies have been calculated to lie in this frequency range, and the density of states can be considered a measure of flexibility. A dramatic increase in the THz response occurs with oxidation, with the largest increase for lowest hydrations and highest frequencies. For both oxidation states the measured THz response rapidly increases with hydration saturating above ~25\% (g H2O/g protein), in contrast to the rapid turn-on in dynamics observed at this hydration level for other proteins. Quasi-harmonic collective vibrational modes and dipole-dipole correlation functions are calculated from the molecular dynamics trajectories. The collective mode density of states alone reproduces the measured hydration dependence providing strong evidence of the existence of these collective motions. The large oxidation dependence is reproduced only by the dipole-dipole correlation function, indicating the contrast arises from diffusive motions consistent with structural changes occurring in the vicinity of a buried internal water molecule.

}, doi = {10.11906/TST.149-162.2010.12.15}, url = {http://www.tstnetwork.org/10.11906/TST.149-162.2010.12.15/}, author = {He,Y. and Chen, J.-Y. and Knab, J. R. and Zheng, W. and Markelz, A.G.} } @article {222, title = {Terahertz spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin: Similarities and differences}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {94}, number = {8}, year = {2008}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 280IP
Times Cited: 50
Cited Reference Count: 72
Cited References:
Abdulaev NG, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P12854, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.22.12854
Alexandrov V, 2005, PROTEIN SCI, V14, P633, DOI 10.1110/ps.04882105
Alexiev U, 2003, J MOL BIOL, V328, P705, DOI 10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00326-7
Altenbach C, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V40, P15493, DOI 10.1021/bi011545o
AMADEI A, 1993, PROTEINS, V17, P412, DOI 10.1002/prot.340170408
Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103
Beck M, 1998, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V37, P7630, DOI 10.1021/bi9801560
Bizzarri AR, 2001, EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY, V30, P443, DOI 10.1007/s002490100167
BROOKS B, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P6571, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.21.6571
BROOKS BR, 1995, J COMPUT CHEM, V16, P1522, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540161209
Bu ZM, 2000, J MOL BIOL, V301, P525, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3978
Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901
Chen Q, 2001, J OPT SOC AM B, V18, P823, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000823
Chung HS, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408646102
Crozier PS, 2003, J MOL BIOL, V333, P493, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.08.045
Farrens DL, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P768, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5288.768
Filippovich S. Y., 2004, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V3, P1
Fotiadis D, 2006, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V16, P252, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2006.03.013
Gabel F, 2005, BIOPHYS J, V89, P3303, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.061028
Gabel F, 2002, Q REV BIOPHYS, V35, P327, DOI 10.1017/S0033583502003840
Getmanova E, 2004, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V43, P1126, DOI 10.1021/bi030120u
Giraud G, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1903, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74618-9
GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1991, FEMTOSECOND PULSES T
Groma GI, 2001, BIOPHYS J, V81, P3432, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(01)75975-9
Hendler RW, 2003, EUR J BIOCHEM, V270, P1920, DOI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03547.x
Hu KS, 2000, J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B, V58, P163, DOI 10.1016/S1011-1344(00)00125-1
Humphrey W, 1996, J MOL GRAPH MODEL, V14, P33, DOI 10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5
ICHIYE T, 1991, PROTEINS, V11, P205, DOI 10.1002/prot.340110305
Jaaskelainen S, 1998, PROTEIN SCI, V7, P1359
Joti Y, 2004, PHYSICA B, V350, pE627, DOI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.167
Kamikubo H, 1997, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V36, P12282, DOI 10.1021/bi9712302
Kataoka M, 2000, BBA-BIOENERGETICS, V1460, P166, DOI 10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00137-7
Keskin O, 2000, BIOPHYS J, V78, P2093, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76756-7
Kim JE, 2003, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V42, P5169, DOI 10.1021/bi030026d
Kim JE, 2002, J PHYS CHEM A, V106, P8508, DOI 10.1021/jp021069r
Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088
KONIG B, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P6878, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.18.6878
Korter TM, 2006, CHEM PHYS LETT, V418, P65, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.097
Koutsopoulos S, 2005, PROTEINS, V61, P377, DOI 10.1002/prot.20606
Langen R, 1999, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V38, P7918, DOI 10.1021/bi990010g
Lee AG, 2004, BBA-BIOMEMBRANES, V1666, P62, DOI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.05.012
Li J, 2004, J MOL BIOL, V343, P1409, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.090
Liang Y, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P21655, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M302536200
MacKerell AD, 2001, BIOPOLYMERS, V56, P257
Markelz A, 2002, PHYS MED BIOL, V47, P3797, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/318
Markelz AG, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V320, P42, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00227-X
McCamant DW, 2005, J PHYS CHEM B, V109, P10449, DOI 10.1021/jp050095x
Niv MY, 2006, J COMPUT AID MOL DES, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/s10822-006-9061-3
Oesterhelt D, 1974, Methods Enzymol, V31, P667
Okada T, 2001, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V11, P420, DOI 10.1016/S0959-440X(00)00227-X
Pitman MC, 2005, J AM CHEM SOC, V127, P4576, DOI 10.1021/ja042715y
Rader AJ, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P7246, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0401429101
Ridge KD, 2003, TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI, V28, P479, DOI 10.1016/S0968-0004(03)00172-5
Ruprecht JJ, 2004, EMBO J, V23, P3609, DOI 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600374
Saam J, 2002, BIOPHYS J, V83, P3097, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75314-9
Sass HJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P649, DOI 10.1038/35020607
Schmuttenmaer CA, 2004, CHEM REV, V104, P1759, DOI 10.1021/cr020685g
Siegel PH, 2004, IEEE T MICROW THEORY, V52, P2438, DOI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.835916
Siegrist K, 2006, J AM CHEM SOC, V128, P5764, DOI 10.1021/ja058176u
Subramaniam S, 2000, BBA-BIOENERGETICS, V1460, P157, DOI 10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00136-5
Tajkhorshid E, 2000, BIOPHYS J, V78, P683, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76626-4
Tama F, 2000, PROTEINS, V41, P1
Tama F, 2002, J MOL BIOL, V321, P297, DOI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00627-7
Tama F, 2001, PROTEIN ENG, V14, P1, DOI 10.1093/protein/14.1.1
Teller DC, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V40, P7761, DOI 10.1021/bi0155091
Thomas A, 1999, PROTEINS, V34, P96, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19990101)34:1<96::AID-PROT8>3.0.CO;2-0
Ujj L, 1998, BIOPHYS J, V74, P1492, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77861-0
Vogel R, 2004, J MOL BIOL, V338, P597, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.006
Vogel R, 2003, BIOPOLYMERS, V72, P133, DOI 10.1002/bip.10407
Whitmire SE, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1269, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74562-7
Yan ECY, 2004, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V43, P10867, DOI 10.1021/bi0400148
Zhang J, 2006, PROTEIN PEPTIDE LETT, V13, P33, DOI 10.2174/092986606774502027
Balu, R. Zhang, H. Zukowski, E. Chen, J. -Y. Markelz, A. G. Gregurick, S. K.
Zhang, Hailiang/F-8325-2010
Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
52

27
Cell press
Cambridge
1542-0086}, month = {Apr}, pages = {3217-3226}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

We studied the low-frequency terahertz spectroscopy of two photoactive protein systems, rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, as a means to characterize collective low-frequency motions in helical transmembrane proteins. From this work, we found that the nature of the vibrational motions activated by terahertz radiation is surprisingly similar between these two structurally similar proteins. Specifically, at the lowest frequencies probed, the cytoplasmic loop regions of the proteins are highly active; and at the higher terahertz frequencies studied, the extracellular loop regions of the protein systems become vibrationally activated. In the case of bacteriorhodopsin, the calculated terahertz spectra are compared with the experimental terahertz signature. This work illustrates the importance of terahertz spectroscopy to identify vibrational degrees of freedom which correlate to known conformational changes in these proteins.

}, keywords = {Biophysics, bovine rhodopsin, conformational-changes, elastic, frequency normal-modes, light activation, molecular-dynamics simulation, neutron-scattering, protein-coupled receptors, transmembrane helices, vibrational-modes, wild-type}, isbn = {0006-3495}, doi = {10.1529/biophysj.107.105163}, author = {Balu, R. and Zhang, H. and Zukowski, E. and Chen, J. Y. and Markelz, A. G. and Gregurick, S. K.} } @article {229, title = {Terahertz transmission characteristics of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas systems}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {89}, number = {13}, year = {2006}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 089JE
Times Cited: 18
Cited Reference Count: 16
Cited References:
ANDO T, 1982, REV MOD PHYS, V54, P437, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.54.437
ANDO T, 1989, HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS, V2, P164
Ashcroft NW, 1976, SOLID STATE PHYS, P1
Beard MC, 2000, PHYS REV B, V62, P15764, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764
Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P8133, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.8133
COLERIDGE PT, 1991, PHYS REV B, V44, P3793, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.3793
Dorozhkin PS, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2035883
Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P4637, DOI 10.1063/1.1525851
Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P3433, DOI 10.1063/1.1473685
Kukushkin IV, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V86, DOI 10.1063/1.1856143
MADELUNG O, 1996, SEMICONDUCTORS BASIC, P109
MCKNIGHT SW, 1987, INFRARED PHYS, V27, P327, DOI 10.1016/0020-0891(87)90074-1
Peralta XG, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1627, DOI 10.1063/1.1497433
Sadofyev YG, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1833, DOI 10.1063/1.1504882
Shaner EA, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2128057
ZAWADZKI W, 1974, ADV PHYS, V23, P435, DOI 10.1080/00018737400101371
Kabir, N. A. Yoon, Y. Knab, J. R. Chen, J. -Y. Markelz, A. G. Reno, J. L. Sadofyev, Y. Johnson, S. Zhang, Y. -H. Bird, J. P.
Bird, Jonathan P/G-4068-2010
Bird, Jonathan P/0000-0002-6966-9007; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319
18

15
Amer inst physics
Melville}, month = {Sep}, pages = {3}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Frequency-dependent complex conductivity of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) systems is studied by terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Determining the momentum relaxation time from a Drude model, the authors find a lower value than that from dc measurements, particularly at high frequencies/low temperatures. These deviations are consistent with the ratio tau(t)/tau(q,) where tau(q) is the full scattering time. This suggests that small-angle scattering leads to weaker heating of 2DEGs at low temperatures than expected from dc mobilit9y. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

}, keywords = {field-effect transistors, photoconductivity, Physics, plasma-waves, radiation, resonant detection, subterahertz}, isbn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/1.2357605}, author = {Kabir, N. A. and Yoon, Y. and Knab, J. R. and Chen, J. Y. and Markelz, A. G. and Reno, J. L. and Sadofyev, Y. and Johnson, S. and Zhang, Y. H. and Bird, J. P.} } @article {294, title = {Direct measurements of optical phonons in SrTiO3 nanosystems}, journal = {Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures}, volume = {19}, year = {2003}, month = {2003/07/01/}, pages = {236 - 239}, abstract = {

We use terahertz time domain spectroscopy to examine finite size effects on the optical phonon modes in SrTiO3 thin films. In temperature-dependent measurements we find a near absence of mode softening in the TO1 phonon frequency. Furthermore we see an increase in the soft mode frequency with reduced thickness. Both of these results correlate well with the reduced dielectric response observed for nanoscale ferroelectric systems.

}, keywords = {Ferroelectrics, Finite size, Mode softening, phonons, Strontium titanate, Terahertz}, isbn = {1386-9477}, doi = {10.1016/S1386-9477(03)00305-9}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386947703003059}, author = {Wolpert, D and Korolev, K and Sachs, S and Knab, J and Cox, W and Cerne, J and Markelz, A.G and Zhao, T and Ramesh, R and Moeckly, B.H} } @proceedings {275, title = {Finite size effects in ferroelectric nanosystems: Absence of mode softening}, volume = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {cited By 0}, month = {02/2003}, pages = {76-81}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, abstract = {

We present measurements of the mode softening behavior for PbZr 0.5Ti0.5O3 (PZT(50)) thin films using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TTDS). The films were grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques on silicon substrates to study how reduced size affects the mode softening behavior. At room temperature two modes are observed at 1.1 THz (37 cm-1) and at 2.3 THz (77 cm-1). As the temperature is increased toward Tc we do not see strong mode softening, but rather a spectral weight transfer from the high frequency mode to the low frequency mode. This absence of mode softening is more dramatic than that reported by other investigators[1]. We will discuss the possible sources for this discrepancy. These results suggest a change in lattice dynamics for nanoscale ferroelectric films that may be highly dependent on the sample preparation technique.

}, keywords = {Ferroelectric materials, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Frequency ranges, Lead compounds, Mode softening, nanostructured materials, Natural frequencies, Optical modes, Permittivity, phase transitions, phonons, Routers, Thermal effects}, isbn = {0972842209}, author = {D. Wolpert and W. Cox and J. Cerne and A. Markelz and T. Zhao and R. Ramesh}, editor = {Romanowicz M.} }