02182nas a2200301   4500008004500000020001400045245011000059210006900169260000800238300000600246490000800252520133400260653002201594653001201616100001801628700001201646700001701658700001401675700001801689700001701707700001901724700002001743700002101763700001401784700001901798700001401817856004901831       2020                        Engldsh    a2469-995000aLinear dichroism infrared resonance in overdoped, underdoped, and optimally doped cuprate superconductors0 aLinear dichroism infrared resonance in overdoped underdoped and   cAug  a60 v1023 a<p>By measuring the polarization changes in terahertz, infrared, and visible radiation over an extended energy range (3-2330 meV), we observe symmetry breaking in cuprate high-temperature superconductors over wide energy, doping, and temperature ranges. We measure the polarization rotation (Re[theta(F)]) and ellipticity (Im[theta(F)]) of transmitted radiation through thin films as the sample is rotated. We observe a twofold rotational symmetry in theta(F), which is associated with linear dichroism (LD) and occurs when electromagnetic radiation polarized along one direction is absorbed more strongly than radiation polarized in the perpendicular direction. Such polarization anisotropies can be generally associated with symmetry breakings. We measure the amplitude of the LD signal and study its temperature, energy, and doping dependence. The LD signal shows a resonant behavior with a peak in the few hundred meV range, which is coincident with the midinfrared optical feature that has been associated with the formation of the pseudogap state. The strongest LD signal is found in underdoped films, although it is also observed in optimally and overdoped samples. The LD signal is consistent with an electronic nematic order which is decoupled from the crystallographic axes as well as novel magnetoelectric effects.</p>10aMaterials Science10aPhysics1 aMukherjee, A.1 aSeo, J.1 aArik, M., M.1 aZhang, H.1 aZhang, C., C.1 aKirzhner, T.1 aGeorge, D., K.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aArmitage, N., P.1 aKoren, G.1 aWei, J., Y. T.1 aCerne, J.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/23804125nas a2200841   4500008004500000020001400045245005400059210005000113260000800163300000700171490000700178520199900185653001202184653001502196653002202211653001502233653001602248653002902264653001202293653002702305653001402332653001902346653001402365653000802379653002902387100002002416700002102436700002102457700001902478700002102497700001502518700001602533700001502549700001802564700002102582700002102603700002302624700001602647700002602663700001402689700001702703700002402720700001602744700001302760700002602773700001902799700001402818700002002832700001902852700002002871700002002891700001402911700001902925700001602944700001202960700001802972700001902990700001603009700001403025700002003039700001503059700001403074700001303088700001503101700001403116700001403130700001603144700001503160700001503175700002303190700002103213856004903234       2017                        Engldsh    a0022-372700aThe 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap0 a2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap  cFeb  a490 v503 a<p>Science and technologies based on terahertz frequency electromagnetic radiation (100 GHz-30 THz) have developed rapidly over the last 30 years. For most of the 20th Century, terahertz radiation, then referred to as sub-millimeter wave or far-infrared radiation, was mainly utilized by astronomers and some spectroscopists. Following the development of laser based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the 1980s and 1990s the field of THz science and technology expanded rapidly, to the extent that it now touches many areas from fundamental science to 'real world' applications. For example THz radiation is being used to optimize materials for new solar cells, and may also be a key technology for the next generation of airport security scanners. While the field was emerging it was possible to keep track of all new developments, however now the field has grown so much that it is increasingly difficult to follow the diverse range of new discoveries and applications that are appearing. At this point in time, when the field of THz science and technology is moving from an emerging to a more established and interdisciplinary field, it is apt to present a roadmap to help identify the breadth and future directions of the field. The aim of this roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of THz science and technology in 2017, and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds. To be able to achieve this aim, we have invited a group of international experts to write 18 sections that cover most of the key areas of THz science and technology. We hope that The 2017 Roadmap on THz science and technology will prove to be a useful resource by providing a wide ranging introduction to the capabilities of THz radiation for those outside or just entering the field as well as providing perspective and breadth for those who are well established. We also feel that this review should serve as a useful guide for government and funding agencies.</p>10aex-vivo10ageneration10ametal wave-guides10anear-field10aperformance10aphotoconductive emitters10aPhysics10aquantum-cascade lasers10aradiation10asemiconductors10aTerahertz10athz10atime-domain spectroscopy1 aDhillon, S., S.1 aVitiello, M., S.1 aLinfield, E., H.1 aDavies, A., G.1 aHoffmann, M., C.1 aBooske, J.1 aPaoloni, C.1 aGensch, M.1 aWeightman, P.1 aWilliams, G., P.1 aCastro-Camus, E.1 aCumming, D., R. S.1 aSimoens, F.1 aEscorcia-Carranza, I.1 aGrant, J.1 aLucyszyn, S.1 aKuwata-Gonokami, M.1 aKonishi, K.1 aKoch, M.1 aSchmuttenmaer, C., A.1 aCocker, T., L.1 aHuber, R.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aTaylor, Z., D.1 aWallace, V., P.1 aZeitler, J., A.1 aSibik, J.1 aKorter, T., M.1 aEllison, B.1 aRea, S.1 aGoldsmith, P.1 aCooper, K., B.1 aAppleby, R.1 aPardo, D.1 aHuggard, P., G.1 aKrozer, V.1 aShams, H.1 aFice, M.1 aRenaud, C.1 aSeeds, A.1 aStohr, A.1 aNaftaly, M.1 aRidler, N.1 aClarke, R.1 aCunningham, J., E.1 aJohnston, M., B.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/22401418nas a2200289   4500008004500000020001400045245011000059210006900169260000800238300000600246490000800252520061600260653001100876653001200887100002000899700001800919700001200937700001900949700001900968700001500987700001101002700001401013700002001027700001101047700002101058856004901079       2012                        Engldsh    a0031-900700aTerahertz Response and Colossal Kerr Rotation from the Surface States of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se30 aTerahertz Response and Colossal Kerr Rotation from the Surface S  cFeb  a50 v1083 a<p>We report the THz response of thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3. At low frequencies, transport is essentially thickness independent showing the dominant contribution of the surface electrons. Despite their extended exposure to ambient conditions, these surfaces exhibit robust properties including narrow, almost thickness-independent Drude peaks, and an unprecedentedly large polarization rotation of linearly polarized light reflected in an applied magnetic field. This Kerr rotation can be as large as 65 degrees and can be explained by a cyclotron resonance effect of the surface states.</p>10abi2te310aPhysics1 aAguilar, R., V.1 aStier, A., V.1 aLiu, W.1 aBilbro, L., S.1 aGeorge, D., K.1 aBansal, N.1 aWu, L.1 aCerne, J.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aOh, S.1 aArmitage, N., P.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/22100491nas a2200169   4500008004100000245005700041210005600098260001900154100001100173700001300184700001600197700001300213700001400226700001200240700002000252856004900272       2006                        eng d00aUltrafast Carriers Dynamics in GaSb/Mn Random Alloys0 aUltrafast Carriers Dynamics in GaSbMn Random Alloys  aVienna Austria1 aYe, S.1 aKnab, J.1 aChen, J.-Y.1 aWang, S.1 aCheon, M.1 aLuo, H.1 aMarkelz, A., G.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/30801306nas a2200325   4500008004100000020001400041245006500055210006500120260001600185300001400201490000700215520044400222653001900666653001600685653001900701653001200720653002300732653001400755100001500769700001500784700001300799700001200812700001100824700001300835700001700848700001200865700001400877700001700891856007200908       2003                        eng d  a1386-947700aDirect measurements of optical phonons in SrTiO3 nanosystems0 aDirect measurements of optical phonons in SrTiO3 nanosystems  c2003/07/01/  a236 - 2390 v193 a<p>We use terahertz time domain spectroscopy to examine finite size effects on the optical phonon modes in SrTiO3 thin films. In temperature-dependent measurements we find a near absence of mode softening in the TO1 phonon frequency. Furthermore we see an increase in the soft mode frequency with reduced thickness. Both of these results correlate well with the reduced dielectric response observed for nanoscale ferroelectric systems.</p>10aFerroelectrics10aFinite size10aMode softening10aphonons10aStrontium titanate10aTerahertz1 aWolpert, D1 aKorolev, K1 aSachs, S1 aKnab, J1 aCox, W1 aCerne, J1 aMarkelz, A.G1 aZhao, T1 aRamesh, R1 aMoeckly, B.H  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138694770300305901941nas a2200373   4500008004100000020001500041245008000056210006900136260003100205300001000236490000600246520087600252653002801128653004401156653002101200653001901221653001901240653002901259653002401288653001801312653001701330653002201347653001201369653001201381653002001393100001601413700001201429700001401441700001601455700001301471700001501484700001901499856004901518       2003                        eng d  a097284220900aFinite size effects in ferroelectric nanosystems: Absence of mode softening0 aFinite size effects in ferroelectric nanosystems Absence of mode  aSan Francisco, CAc02/2003  a76-810 v23 a<p>We present measurements of the mode softening behavior for PbZr 0.5Ti0.5O3 (PZT(50)) thin films using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TTDS). The films were grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques on silicon substrates to study how reduced size affects the mode softening behavior. At room temperature two modes are observed at 1.1 THz (37 cm-1) and at 2.3 THz (77 cm-1). As the temperature is increased toward Tc we do not see strong mode softening, but rather a spectral weight transfer from the high frequency mode to the low frequency mode. This absence of mode softening is more dramatic than that reported by other investigators[1]. We will discuss the possible sources for this discrepancy. These results suggest a change in lattice dynamics for nanoscale ferroelectric films that may be highly dependent on the sample preparation technique.</p>10aFerroelectric materials10aFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy10aFrequency ranges10aLead compounds10aMode softening10ananostructured materials10aNatural frequencies10aOptical modes10aPermittivity10aphase transitions10aphonons10aRouters10aThermal effects1 aWolpert, D.1 aCox, W.1 aCerne, J.1 aMarkelz, A.1 aZhao, T.1 aRamesh, R.1 aM., Romanowicz  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/27502248nas a2200361   4500008004500000020001400045245013500059210006900194260000800263300001400271490000700285520117500292653002401467653001501491653000801506653001001514653001401524653002201538653003301560653001801593653001601611653001701627653002101644653002301665653003601688100002101724700001601745700002001761700002401781700001401805700001801819856004901837       2003                        Engldsh    a0006-349500aProtein flexibility and conformational state: A comparison of collective vibrational modes of wild-type and D96N bacteriorhodopsin0 aProtein flexibility and conformational state A comparison of col  cAug  a1269-12770 v853 a<p>Far infrared ( FIR) spectral measurements of wild-type (WT) and D96N mutant bacteriorhodopsin thin films have been carried out using terahertz time domain spectroscopy as a function of hydration, temperature, and conformational state. The results are compared to calculated spectra generated via normal mode analyses using CHARMM. We find that the FIR absorbance is slowly increasing with frequency and without strong narrow features over the range of 2-60 cm(-1) and up to a resolution of 0.17 cm(-1). The broad absorption shifts in frequency with decreasing temperature as expected with a strongly anharmonic potential and in agreement with neutron inelastic scattering results. Decreasing hydration shifts the absorption to higher frequencies, possibly resulting from decreased coupling mediated by the interior water molecules. Ground-state FIR absorbances have nearly identical frequency dependence, with the mutant having less optical density than the WT. In the M state, the FIR absorbance of the WT increases whereas there is no change for D96N. These results represent the first measurement of FIR absorbance change as a function of conformational state.</p>10aangstrom resolution10aBiophysics10adna10afilms10afrequency10aharmonic-analysis10ainelastic neutron-scattering10alarge systems10amixed basis10anormal-modes10apurple membranes10astructural-changes10atransform infrared-spectroscopy1 aWhitmire, S., E.1 aWolpert, D.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aHillebrecht, J., R.1 aGalan, J.1 aBirge, R., R.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/27300371nas a2200109   4500008004100000245005100041210005100092490000700143100002000150700002100170856007000191       2003                        eng d00aTerahertz Applications to Biomolecular Sensing0 aTerahertz Applications to Biomolecular Sensing0 v131 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aWhitmire, S., E.  uhttps://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S012915640300210100405nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245005100055210005100106300001200157490000700169100002300176700002300199856004900222       2003                        eng d  a0129-156400aTerahertz applications to biomolecular sensing0 aTerahertz applications to biomolecular sensing  a951-9670 v131 aMarkelz, Andrea, G1 aWhitmire, Scott, E  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/19800511nas a2200157   4500008004100000245005900041210005900100260003400159300001200193100001600205700002100221700002000242700002400262700001800286856004900304       2003                        eng d00aUltrafast THz spectroscopy of photoactive biomolecules0 aUltrafast THz spectroscopy of photoactive biomolecules  aSan Jose, Californiac01/2003  a146-1531 aChen, J.-Y.1 aWhitmire, S., E.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aHillebrecht, J., R.1 aBirge, R., R.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/31500496nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245007000055210006900125300000900194490000700203100002000210700002000230700002100250700001800271856004900289       2002                        eng d  a0031-915500aTHz time domain spectroscopy of biomolecular conformational modes0 aTHz time domain spectroscopy of biomolecular conformational mode  a37970 v471 aMarkelz, Andrea1 aWhitmire, Scott1 aHillebrecht, Jay1 aBirge, Robert  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/19400514nas a2200145   4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260003000198300001200228100001700240700002000257700002400277700001800301856004900319       2001                        eng d00aTerahertz Time domain spectroscopy of the M intermediate state of Bacteriorhodopsin0 aTerahertz Time domain spectroscopy of the M intermediate state o  aToulouse, Francec09/2001  a345-3481 aWhitmire, S.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aHillebrecht, J., R.1 aBirge, R., R.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/31600605nas a2200169   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260003100201300001200232490005000244100001800294700002000312700002000332700001800352700001400370856005100384       1996                        eng d00aThird Harmonic Generation in a Gaas/Algaas Superlattice in the Bloch Oscillator Regime0 aThird Harmonic Generation in a GaasAlgaas Superlattice in the Bl  aNew York, NYbPlenum Press  a161-1630 veds. Hess, Karl, Leburton, J.P., Ravaioli, U.1 aWanke, M., C.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aUnterrainer, K.1 aAllen, S., J.1 aBhatt, R.  uhttps://www.springer.com/gp/book/978146138035101295nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245007000055210006900125260001100194300001400205490000700219520060900226100001400835700001900849700001900868700002000887700002100907700002000928700001600948700002000964700002000984856004901004       1996                        eng d  a0031-900700aUndressing a collective intersubband excitation in a quantum well0 aUndressing a collective intersubband excitation in a quantum wel  cMar 25  a2382-23850 v763 a<p>We have experimentally measured the 1-2 intersubband absorption in a single 40 nm wide modulation-doped Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs square quantum well as a function of frequency, intensity, and charge density. The low-intensity depolarization-shifted absorption occurs near 80 cm(-1) (10 meV or 2.4 THz), nearly 30% higher than the intersubband spacing. At higher intensities, the absorption peak shifts to lower frequencies. Our data are in good agreement with a theory proposed by Zaluzny, which attributes the redshift to a reduction in the depolarization shift as the excited subband becomes populated.</p>1 aCraig, K.1 aGaldrikian, B.1 aHeyman, J., N.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aWilliams, J., B.1 aSherwin, M., S.1 aCampman, K.1 aHopkins, P., F.1 aGossard, A., C.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/26500533nas a2200157   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260002500201300001200226100001800238700001800256700002000274700001800294700001400312856004900326       1995                        eng d00aThird harmonic generation in a GaAs/AlGaAs Superlattice in the Bloch Oscillator Regime0 aThird harmonic generation in a GaAsAlGaAs Superlattice in the Bl  aChicago, ILc07/1995  a161-1631 aWanke, M., C.1 aMarkelz, A.G.1 aUnterrainer, K.1 aAllen, S., J.1 aBhatt, R.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/31709915nas a2200181   4500008004100000245006500041210006300106490000700169520935100176100001909527700002009546700001909566700002109585700001909606700002109625700002009646856006709666       1991                        eng d00aSite-selective oxygen-isotope substitution in YBa2Cu3O7−δ0 aSiteselective oxygenisotope substitution in YBa2Cu3O7−δ0 v443 a<p>We report selective substitution of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 isotopes into the inequivalent oxygen lattice sites in <span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-28" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-29" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-30" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-31" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-32" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">YBa</span></span></span></span><span class="mjx-sub" style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span id="MJXc-Node-33" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-34" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-36" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-37" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-38" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-39" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-40" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">Cu</span></span></span></span><span class="mjx-sub" style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span id="MJXc-Node-41" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-42" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-43" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-44" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-45" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-46" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-47" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-48" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">O</span></span></span></span><span class="mjx-sub" style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.242em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span id="MJXc-Node-49" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-50" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">7</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-51" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.27em; padding-bottom: 0.404em;">−</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-52" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="padding-top: 0.471em; padding-bottom: 0.27em; padding-right: 0.007em;">δ</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>. The technique involves gas-phase diffusion and exploits the site dependence of diffusion rates. The <span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-53" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-54" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-55" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-56" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-57" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-58" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">CuO</span></span></span></span><span class="mjx-sub" style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span id="MJXc-Node-59" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-60" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>-plane [O(2),O(3)] sites of <span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-61" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-62" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-63" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-64" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-65" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-66" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">YBa</span></span></span></span><span class="mjx-sub" style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span id="MJXc-Node-67" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-68" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-69" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-70" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-71" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-72" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-73" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-74" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">Cu</span></span></span></span><span class="mjx-sub" style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span id="MJXc-Node-75" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-76" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-77" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-78" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-79" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-80" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-81" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-82" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">O</span></span></span></span><span class="mjx-sub" style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.242em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span id="MJXc-Node-83" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-84" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">7</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-85" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.27em; padding-bottom: 0.404em;">−</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-86" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="padding-top: 0.471em; padding-bottom: 0.27em; padding-right: 0.007em;">δ</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> can be filled with <span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-11-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-87" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-88" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-89" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-90" class="mjx-mmultiscripts"><sup><span class="mjx-prestack" style="vertical-align: -0.247em;"><span class="mjx-presup" style="padding-bottom: 0.671em; padding-left: 0.05em; padding-right: 0px;"><span id="MJXc-Node-94" class="mjx-mrow" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-95" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">18</span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-97" class="mjx-mrow" style="font-size: 70.7%;"></span></span></span></sup><span id="MJXc-Node-91" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-92" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">O</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> while the apical [O(4)] and CuO-chain sites [O(1)] contain <span class="aps-inline-formula"><span id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="font-size: 107%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-98" class="mjx-math"><span id="MJXc-Node-99" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-100" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-101" class="mjx-mmultiscripts"><sup><span class="mjx-prestack" style="vertical-align: -0.247em;"><span class="mjx-presup" style="padding-bottom: 0.671em; padding-left: 0.05em; padding-right: 0px;"><span id="MJXc-Node-105" class="mjx-mrow" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><span id="MJXc-Node-106" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">16</span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-108" class="mjx-mrow" style="font-size: 70.7%;"></span></span></span></sup><span id="MJXc-Node-102" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-103" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;">O</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> (the opposite distribution can also be made). The site-selective isotope occupation has been confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Our method will permit experiments to determine the contributions of the different oxygen sites to the isotope effect, in order to locate the pairing interaction within the unit cell.</p>1 aMorris, D., E.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aWei, J., Y. T.1 aHuitgren, C., T.1 aNickel, J., H.1 aHamilton, J., C.1 aMcCarty, K., F.  uhttps://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.955600761nas a2200265   4500008004100000020001400041245006800055210006500123260001000188300001400198490000700212100001900219700001900238700001900257700001800276700001800294700002000312700002100332700002000353700001700373700001900390700001900409700001800428856004900446       1989                        eng d  a0163-182900a8 NEW HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS WITH THE 1-2-4 STRUCTURE0 a8 NEW HIGHTEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS WITH THE 124 STRUCTURE  cApr 1  a7347-73500 v391 aMorris, D., E.1 aNickel, J., H.1 aWei, J., Y. T.1 aAsmar, N., G.1 aScott, J., S.1 aScheven, U., M.1 aHultgren, C., T.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aPost, J., E.1 aHeaney, P., J.1 aVeblen, D., R.1 aHazen, R., M.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/28100588nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245007400055210006900129260001000198300001400208490000700222100001900229700002100248700002000269700001900289700001800308700001900326856004900345       1989                        eng d  a0163-182900aOXYGEN CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON TC OF THE BI-CA-SR-CU-O SUPERCONDUCTOR0 aOXYGEN CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON TC OF THE BICASRCUO SUPERCONDUCTO  cApr 1  a6612-66140 v391 aMorris, D., E.1 aHultgren, C., T.1 aMarkelz, A., M.1 aWei, J., Y. T.1 aAsmar, N., G.1 aNickel, J., H.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/27800501nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245004400055210004400099260001000143300001400153490000700167100001900174700001900193700002000212700001900232700001900251856004900270       1988                        eng d  a0163-182900aSMALL OXYGEN ISOTOPE SHIFT IN YBA2CU3O70 aSMALL OXYGEN ISOTOPE SHIFT IN YBA2CU3O7  cApr 1  a5936-59390 v371 aMorris, D., E.1 aKuroda, R., M.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aNickel, J., H.1 aWei, J., Y. T.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/27900725nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245015500055210006900210260001000279300001600289490000700305100001900312700001200331700001700343700002100360700001900381700002000400700001900420700001900439856004900458       1988                        eng d  a0163-182900aSPECIFIC-HEAT MEASUREMENTS ON SUPERCONDUCTING BI-CA-SR-CU AND TL-CA-BA-CU OXIDES - ABSENCE OF A LINEAR TERM IN THE SPECIFIC-HEAT OF BI-CA-SR-CU OXIDES0 aSPECIFICHEAT MEASUREMENTS ON SUPERCONDUCTING BICASRCU AND TLCABA  cDec 1  a11942-119450 v381 aFisher, R., A.1 aKim, S.1 aLacy, S., E.1 aPhillips, N., E.1 aMorris, D., E.1 aMarkelz, A., G.1 aWei, J., Y. T.1 aGinley, D., S.  uhttps://markelz.physics.buffalo.edu/node/277