<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mittleman, D. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perspective on Terahertz Applications in Bioscience and Biotechnology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACS Photonics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00228</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1117-1126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Within the field of terahertz science and technology, one of the most active areas of current research focuses on the intersection of terahertz measurements and methods with the world of biology and medicine. Current activities revolve around numerous diverse questions, ranging from studies of the vibrational spectra of biomolecules and macromolecular complexes to biosensing to medical diagnostics based on noninvasive imaging techniques. Unlike many other areas in which terahertz science is now making inroads, this research domain has been plagued with a number of misleading ideas, which originated at least two decades ago and continue to crop up in current literature. In the worst case, these unfortunate notions can distract from, and even obscure, fascinating and meaningful results. The purpose of this Perspective is to highlight a few of these mistaken concepts and, more importantly, to distinguish them from the many interesting works that continue to emerge from the fruitful marriage of terahertz with biology and medicine.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1117</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anisotropic Terahertz Microscopy of Lysozyme in Different CrystalLattice Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(20)31879-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Long-range vibrational modes of proteins at terahertz (THz) frequencies havebeen associated with protein function and allosteric control. The characteriza-tion of these motions has been challenging due to energy overlap with waterabsorption and a large vibrational density of states. Recently it has been demon-strated both experimentally and theoretically that vibrational bands can be iso-lated using stationary sample anisotropic terahertz microscopy (SSTAM) fororiented samples, typically realized using protein crystals [1, 2]. In those earlymeasurements, inhibitor binding contrast was demonstrated for high symmetrytetragonal crystals. While high symmetry crystals are ideal for structural deter-minations, they can limit the types of vibrations observable in the ATM mea-surements. Here we show a survey of ATM measurements of triclinic,monoclinic and tetragonal crystals, demonstrating the unique signaturesobservable for the different symmetry groups, leading to a more completedetermination of the vibrational hot spots that may contribute to enzymatic ef-ficiency. The SSATM spectra indicate the presence of conserved vibrationalmodes near 40 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 55 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; for CEWL in triclinic, monoclinic and tetrag-onal lattice systems respectively. For CEWL in the monoclinic lattice system, aprominent band at 20cm1was consistently observed in the SSATM spectrabut not in the triclinic or tetragonal systems. The conserved bands may repre-sent vibrational modes that are unperturbed by crystal contact forces while thedifferences may be related to unique molecular orientation in different crystalsystems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;1.Niessen, K., Y. Deng, and A.G. Markelz,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;Near-field THz micropo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;larimetry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;Opt Express, 2019.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;(20): p. 28036-28047.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;2.Romo, T.D., A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;Grossfield, and A.G. Markelz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;Persistent Protein Motions in a Rugged&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;Energy Landscape Revealed by Normal Mode Ensemble Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;. Accepted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family:serif; font-size:13.2837px&quot;&gt;Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 2020.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>25</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acbas, Gheorghe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apparatus and method for analyzing a sample </style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://patents.google.com/patent/US11125685B2/en</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USPTO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;An apparatus and method for Crystal Anisotropy Terahertz Microscopy (“CATM”) is provided. The apparatus includes an emitter configured to emit a THz pulse and a detector configured to detect the THz pulse after the pulse is transmitted through a sample disposed on a sample surface of the detector. A pulsed radiation generator generates a probe beam to interrogate the detector. The detector may include an electro-optical (“EO”) crystal configured to change in birefringence according to the THz pulse. The sample surface of the detector may have a dielectric coating which is transmissive to THz and reflective to the probe beam. The sample is disposed on the dielectric coating.&lt;/div&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional-State Dependence of Picosecond Protein Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. Chem. B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11134-11140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;We examine temperature-dependent picosecond dynamics of two benchmarking proteins lysozyme and cytochrome &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt; using temperature-dependent terahertz permittivity measurements. We find that a double Arrhenius temperature dependence with activation energies &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∼ 0.1 kJ/mol and &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∼ 10 kJ/mol fits the folded and ligand-free state response. The higher activation energy is consistent with the so-called protein dynamical transition associated with beta relaxations at the solvent–protein interface. The lower activation energy is consistent with correlated structural motions. When the structure is removed by denaturing, the lower-activation-energy process is no longer present. Additionally, the lower-activation-energy process is diminished with ligand binding but not for changes in the internal oxidation state. We suggest that the lower-energy activation process is associated with collective structural motions that are no longer accessible with denaturing or binding.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11134</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Near-Field Stationary Sample Terahertz Spectroscopic Polarimetry for Biomolecular Structural Dynamics Determination</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACS Photonics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01876</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">658-668</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;THz polarimetry on environmentally sensitive and microscopic samples can provide unique insight into underlying mechanisms of complex phenomena. For example, near-field THz anisotropic absorption successfully isolated protein structural vibrations which are connected to biological function. However, to determine how these vibrations impact function requires high throughput measurements of these complex systems, which is challenged by the need for near field detection, sample environmental control and full polarization variation. Stationary sample anisotropic terahertz spectroscopy (SSATS) and near-field stationary sample anisotropic terahertz microscopy (SSATM) have been proposed using synchronous control of THz and electro optic probe polarizations along an iso-response curve. Here we realize these techniques through robust control and calibration of the THz and NIR polarization states. Both methods rapidly measure the linear dichroism in the far field and near field. Validation measurements using standard birefringent sucrose single crystals found the crystal orientation can be determined by scanning the reference polarization and the synchronous pump–probe polarization settings can be optimized to eliminate artifacts. SSATM is then used to determine spectral reproducibility and dehydration effects for a series of chicken egg white lysozyme samples. Reproducible anisotropic absorbance bands are found at about 30, 44, 55, and 62 cm&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;. These bands initially sharpen with slow dehydration, similar to the increase in resolution achieved in X-ray crystallographic protein structure determination. The SSATM technique confirms the reliability of anisotropic absorption characterization of protein intramolecular vibrations and opens an avenue for rapid determination of how these long-range dynamics affect biological function.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">658</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Davie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F. Vandrevala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Dampf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Deng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D. K. George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E. D. Sylvester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T. Korter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E. Einarsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. B. Benedict</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. G. Markelz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phonon Kinetics of Fructose at the Melting Transition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. Chem. C</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12269-12276</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) is used to measure the melting kinetics of fructose molecular crystals. Combining single-crystal anisotropy measurements with density functional calculations, we assign the phonon frequencies and interrogate how specific phonons behave with melting. While nearly all the low-frequency phonons continuously red-shift with heating and melting, the lowest-energy phonon polarized along the c-axis blue-shifts at the melting temperature, suggesting an initial structural change immediately before melting. We find that the kinetics follow a 3D growth model with large activation energies, consistent with previous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The large activation energies indicate that multiple H-bonds must break collectively for the transition. The results suggest the generality of the kinetics for molecular crystals and that THz TDS with picosecond resolution could be used to measure ultrafast kinetics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12269</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D. George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Jimenez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Markelz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photo-Switching of Protein Dynamical Collectivity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photonics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/8/8/302</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;We examine changes in the picosecond structural dynamics with irreversible photobleaching of red fluorescent proteins (RFP) mCherry, mOrange2 and TagRFP-T. Measurements of the protein dynamical transition using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy show in all cases an increase in the turn-on temperature in the bleached state. The result is surprising given that there is little change in the protein surface, and thus, the solvent dynamics held responsible for the transition should not change. A spectral analysis of the measurements guided by quasiharmonic calculations of the protein absorbance reveals that indeed the solvent dynamical turn-on temperature is independent of the thermal stability/photostate however the protein dynamical turn-on temperature shifts to higher temperatures. This is the first demonstration of switching the protein dynamical turn-on temperature with protein functional state. The observed shift in protein dynamical turn-on temperature relative to the solvent indicates an increase in the required mobile waters necessary for the protein picosecond motions, that is, these motions are more collective. Melting-point measurements reveal that the photobleached state is more thermally stable, and structural analysis of related RFP’s shows that there is an increase in internal water channels as well as a more uniform atomic root mean squared displacement. These observations are consistent with previous suggestions that water channels form with extended light excitation providing O&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;access to the chromophore and subsequent fluorescence loss. We report that these same channels increase internal coupling enhancing thermal stability and collectivity of the picosecond protein motions. The terahertz spectroscopic characterization of the protein and solvent dynamical onsets can be applied generally to measure changes in collectivity of protein motions.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crossen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lechno-Yossef, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerfeld, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence of Intramolecular Structural Stabilization in Light Activated State of Orange Carotenoid Protein</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">208A-208A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) controls efficiency of the light harvesting antenna, the phycobilisome (PBS), in diverse cyanobacteria and prevents oxidative damage. It is the only known photoactive protein that uses a carotenoid, canthaxanthin, as its chromophore. The structure of OCP consists of two globular domains, connected by an unstructured loop, that forms a hydrophobic pocket for the carotenoid. In low light, canthaxanthin bound OCP is inactive and appears orange. Illumination by strong light results in an active state that interacts with the PBS to induce fluorescence quenching, a red appearance and conformational changes that include a 12Å shift by canthaxanthin into the N-terminal domain. Terahertz (THz) dynamical transition measurements and anisotropic terahertz microscopy are used to measure the intramolecular structural dynamics in the inactive and active states, which can be induced by photoexcitation or chaotropic salts. The measurements indicate that the active state has a decrease in structural flexibility, which may be related to enhanced interactions with the PBS.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000513023201290</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: KK8YX&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 0&lt;br/&gt;McKinney, Jeffrey A. Sharma, Akansha Crossen, Kimberly Deng, Yanting George, Deepu K. Lechno-Yossef, Sigal Kerfeld, Cheryl Markelz, Andrea G.&lt;br/&gt;64th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Feb 15-19, 2020&lt;br/&gt;San Diego, CA&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 1556359, MCB 1616529]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]; NIH STTRUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R41 GM125486]&lt;br/&gt;This work is supported by NSF grants DBI 1556359 and MCB 1616529, DOE grant DE-SC0016317 and NIH STTR R41 GM125486.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;2&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[McKinney, Jeffrey A.|Sharma, Akansha|Crossen, Kimberly|Deng, Yanting|George, Deepu K.|Markelz, Andrea G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Lechno-Yossef, Sigal] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl] Michigan State Univ, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab LBNL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukherjee, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arik, M. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, C. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kirzhner, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armitage, N. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koren, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear dichroism infrared resonance in overdoped, underdoped, and optimally doped cuprate superconductors</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Rev. B</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Materials Science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2469-9950</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;By measuring the polarization changes in terahertz, infrared, and visible radiation over an extended energy range (3-2330 meV), we observe symmetry breaking in cuprate high-temperature superconductors over wide energy, doping, and temperature ranges. We measure the polarization rotation (Re[theta(F)]) and ellipticity (Im[theta(F)]) of transmitted radiation through thin films as the sample is rotated. We observe a twofold rotational symmetry in theta(F), which is associated with linear dichroism (LD) and occurs when electromagnetic radiation polarized along one direction is absorbed more strongly than radiation polarized in the perpendicular direction. Such polarization anisotropies can be generally associated with symmetry breakings. We measure the amplitude of the LD signal and study its temperature, energy, and doping dependence. The LD signal shows a resonant behavior with a peak in the few hundred meV range, which is coincident with the midinfrared optical feature that has been associated with the formation of the pseudogap state. The strongest LD signal is found in underdoped films, although it is also observed in optimally and overdoped samples. The LD signal is consistent with an electronic nematic order which is decoupled from the crystallographic axes as well as novel magnetoelectric effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000562627700004</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: NE5GO&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 30&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V103, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.137201&lt;br/&gt;     Armitage NP, 2014, PHYS REV B, V90, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.035135&lt;br/&gt;     Arpaia R, 2018, PHY REV MATER, V2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.024804&lt;br/&gt;     Basov DN, 2005, REV MOD PHYS, V77, P721, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.721&lt;br/&gt;     Blumberg G, 1996, PHYS REV B, V53, P11930, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.R11930&lt;br/&gt;     Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV LETT, V84, P3418, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3418&lt;br/&gt;     Fauque B, 2006, PHYS REV LETT, V96, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.197001&lt;br/&gt;     Fridman I, 2011, PHYS REV B, V84, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.104522&lt;br/&gt;     George DK, 2012, J OPT SOC AM B, V29, P1406, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.29.001406&lt;br/&gt;     Halperin B. I., 1991, SPRINGER P PHYS, V60, P439&lt;br/&gt;     Humlicek J, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P14554, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14554&lt;br/&gt;     KOREN G, 1989, APPL PHYS LETT, V54, P1054, DOI 10.1063/1.101559&lt;br/&gt;     Koren G, 2016, PHYS REV B, V94, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.174515&lt;br/&gt;     Lubashevsky Y, 2014, PHYS REV LETT, V112, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.147001&lt;br/&gt;     Mukherjee A, 2019, PHYS REV B, V99, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.99.085440&lt;br/&gt;     Nie LM, 2014, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V111, P7980, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1406019111&lt;br/&gt;     Orenstein J, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V107, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.067002&lt;br/&gt;     PISAREV RV, 1991, PHASE TRANSIT, V37, P63, DOI 10.1080/01411599108203448&lt;br/&gt;     Simon ME, 2002, PHYS REV LETT, V89, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.247003&lt;br/&gt;     TROFIMOV IE, 1994, APPL PHYS LETT, V65, P2481, DOI 10.1063/1.112671&lt;br/&gt;     Varma CM, 2014, EPL-EUROPHYS LETT, V106, DOI 10.1209/0295-5075/106/27001&lt;br/&gt;     Varma CM, 1997, PHYS REV B, V55, P14554, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.14554&lt;br/&gt;     Wu J, 2017, NATURE, V547, P432, DOI 10.1038/nature23290&lt;br/&gt;     Xia J, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V100, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.127002&lt;br/&gt;     Yakes MK, 2010, NANO LETT, V10, P1559, DOI 10.1021/nl9035302&lt;br/&gt;     Yakovenko VM, 2015, PHYSICA B, V460, P159, DOI 10.1016/j.physb.2014.11.060&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang H, 2018, PHYS REV MATER, V2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.033803&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang J, 2018, SCI ADV, V4, DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aao5235&lt;br/&gt;     Zhao L, 2017, NAT PHYS, V13, P250, DOI [10.1038/nphys3962, 10.1038/NPHYS3962]&lt;br/&gt;     Zhao L., 2018, ENCY MODERN OPTICS, P207&lt;br/&gt;Mukherjee, A. Seo, J. Arik, M. M. Zhang, H. Zhang, C. C. Kirzhner, T. George, D. K. Markelz, A. G. Armitage, N. P. Koren, G. Wei, J. Y. T. Cerne, J.&lt;br/&gt;NSF-DMR GrantNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1410599]; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [MCB 1616529, DMR 1905519]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]; NSERCNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); CFI-OITCanada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Institute for Advanced ResearchCanadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)&lt;br/&gt;We are indebted to D. Hsieh, S. A. Kivelson, C. M. Varma, and L. Zhao for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from NSF-DMR Grant No. 1410599 (J.C.). A.G.M. and D.K.G. were supported by NSF Grant No. MCB 1616529 and DOE Grant No. DE-SC0016317. Work in Toronto was supported by NSERC, CFI-OIT, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. J.Y.T.W. thanks Kejun Xu for laboratory assistance in Toronto. N.P.A. was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR 1905519.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;9&lt;br/&gt;Amer physical soc&lt;br/&gt;College pk&lt;br/&gt;2469-9969</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">054520</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Mukherjee, A.|Seo, J.|Arik, M. M.|George, D. K.|Markelz, A. G.|Cerne, J.] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Zhang, H.|Zhang, C. C.|Wei, J. Y. T.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Kirzhner, T.|Koren, G.] Technion, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys &amp; Astron, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Mukherjee, A (corresponding author), Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long Range Correlated Motions of TIM and their Possible Influence on Enzyme Function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207A-207A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The alpha-beta barrel structure of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is possibly the most common among enzymes. In the case of TIM, structural dynamics are known to be essential to function. In particular the stabilization of the binding pocket by a phosphodianion “handle” of the substrate and the closing of catalytic site loops 6 and 7 over the substrate. Loop 6 moves by as much as 7 Angstroms with binding. Recently a mutant survey for human TIM (hsTIM) found kcat can change significantly for a single mutation distant from the catalytic site. Crystallographic measurements find no structural change with the mutation, suggesting a dynamical mechanism for the allosteric effect. Here we use Stationary Sample Anisotropic Terahertz Microscopy (SSATM) to measure the long-range intramolecular vibrations and determine if specific vibrations couple the allosteric and catalytic sites. SSATM isolated protein long-range structural vibrations based on the dominant displacement direction [1-4]. We examine if specific vibrational bands are associate with loop 6 and loop 7 flexibility.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000513023201285</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: KK8YX&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 4&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen K.A. M.Y., 2017, BIOPHYS J, DOI [10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049.3., DOI 10.1016/J.BPJ.2016.12.049.3]&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen K, 2019, OPT EXPRESS, V27, P28036, DOI 10.1364/OE.27.028036&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2019, NAT COMMUN, V10, DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-08926-3&lt;br/&gt;McKinney, Jeffrey A. Deng, Yanting George, Deepu K. Richard, John Markelz, Andrea G.&lt;br/&gt;64th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Feb 15-19, 2020&lt;br/&gt;San Diego, CA&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 1556359, MCB 1616529]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]; NIH STTRUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R41 GM125486.1]&lt;br/&gt;This work is supported by NSF grants DBI 1556359 and MCB 1616529, DOE grant DE-SC0016317 and NIH STTR R41 GM125486.1.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[McKinney, Jeffrey A.|Deng, Yanting|George, Deepu K.|Markelz, Andrea G.] SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Richard, John] SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Chem, Buffalo, NY USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romo, T. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossfield, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistent Protein Motions in a Rugged Energy Landscape Revealed by Normal Mode Ensemble Analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Chem Inf. Model.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Chem Inf. Model.J. Chem Inf. Model.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular-dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoactive yellow protein</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">state</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vibrational-modes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6419-6426</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1549-9596</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Proteins are allosteric machines that couple motions at distinct, often distant, sites to control biological function. Low-frequency structural vibrations are a mechanism of this long-distance connection and are often used computationally to predict correlations, but experimentally identifying the vibrations associated with specific motions has proved challenging. Spectroscopy is an ideal tool to explore these excitations, but measurements have been largely unable to identify important frequency bands. The result is at odds with some previous calculations and raises the question what methods could successfully characterize protein structural vibrations. Here we show the lack of spectral structure arises in part from the variations in protein structure as the protein samples the energy landscape. However, by averaging over the energy landscape as sampled using an aggregate 18.5 mu s of all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of hen egg white lysozyme and normal-mode analyses, we find vibrations with large overlap with functional displacements are surprisingly concentrated in narrow frequency bands. These bands are not apparent in either the ensemble averaged vibrational density of states or isotropic absorption. However, in the case of the ensemble averaged anisotropic absorption, there is persistent spectral structure and overlap between this structure and the functional displacement frequency bands. We systematically lay out heuristics for calculating the spectra robustly, including the need for statistical sampling of the protein and inclusion of adequate water in the spectral calculation. The results show the congested spectrum of these complex molecules obscures important frequency bands associated with function and reveal a method to overcome this congestion by combining structurally sensitive spectroscopy with robust normal mode ensemble analysis.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000608875100076</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: PT8QA&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 47&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Bahar I, 2007, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V17, P633, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.09.011&lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2011, J PHYS CHEM B, V115, P6811, DOI 10.1021/jp108493g&lt;br/&gt;     Castro-Camus E, 2008, CHEM PHYS LETT, V455, P289, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.02.084&lt;br/&gt;     Cerutti DS, 2008, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V47, P12065, DOI 10.1021/bi800894u&lt;br/&gt;     Cerutti DS, 2019, WIRES COMPUT MOL SCI, V9, DOI 10.1002/wcms.1402&lt;br/&gt;     CHO M, 1994, J CHEM PHYS, V100, P6672, DOI 10.1063/1.467027&lt;br/&gt;     Choi JH, 2014, J PHYS CHEM B, V118, P12837, DOI 10.1021/jp508547y&lt;br/&gt;     Cote Y, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P2575, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.018&lt;br/&gt;     Dong J, 1999, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D, V55, P745, DOI 10.1107/S0907444998016047&lt;br/&gt;     ESSMANN U, 1995, J CHEM PHYS, V103, P8577, DOI 10.1063/1.470117&lt;br/&gt;     Falconer RJ, 2012, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V33, P973, DOI 10.1007/s10762-012-9915-9&lt;br/&gt;     FELLER SE, 1995, J CHEM PHYS, V103, P4613, DOI 10.1063/1.470648&lt;br/&gt;     Gerek ZN, 2011, PLOS COMPUT BIOL, V7, DOI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002154&lt;br/&gt;     GO N, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P3696, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3696&lt;br/&gt;     Grossfield A, 2019, LIVING J COMPUT MOL, V1, P5067, DOI DOI 10.33011/LIVEC0MS.1.1.5067&lt;br/&gt;     Grossfield A, 2009, ANN REP COMP CHEM, V5, P23, DOI 10.1016/S1574-1400(09)00502-7&lt;br/&gt;     He YF, 2011, BIOPHYS J, V100, P1058, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3731&lt;br/&gt;     HORIUCHI T, 1991, PROTEINS, V10, P106, DOI 10.1002/prot.340100204&lt;br/&gt;     Huang J, 2013, J COMPUT CHEM, V34, P2135, DOI 10.1002/jcc.23354&lt;br/&gt;     Katebi AR, 2014, PROTEIN SCI, V23, P213, DOI 10.1002/pro.2407&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1997, J CHEM PHYS, V106, P4389, DOI 10.1063/1.473486&lt;br/&gt;     Kroll J, 2007, VIB SPECTROSC, V43, P324, DOI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2006.03.010&lt;br/&gt;     Leioatts N, 2012, J CHEM THEORY COMPUT, V8, P2424, DOI 10.1021/ct3000316&lt;br/&gt;     Lerbret A, 2009, J CHEM PHYS, V131, DOI 10.1063/1.3273218&lt;br/&gt;     Meinhold L, 2007, PHYS REV LETT, V99, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.138101&lt;br/&gt;     Miller DW, 1999, J MOL BIOL, V286, P267, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2445&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2019, NAT COMMUN, V10, DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-08926-3&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P933, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049&lt;br/&gt;     Phillips JC, 2005, J COMPUT CHEM, V26, P1781, DOI 10.1002/jcc.20289&lt;br/&gt;     Porter JR, 2019, BIOPHYS J, V116, P818, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.3144&lt;br/&gt;     Romo TD, 2014, J COMPUT CHEM, V35, P2305, DOI 10.1002/jcc.23753&lt;br/&gt;     Romo TD, 2009, IEEE ENG MED BIO, P2332, DOI 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5335065&lt;br/&gt;     Sassi P, 2013, J CHEM PHYS, V139, DOI 10.1063/1.4838355&lt;br/&gt;     Singh R, 2012, J PHYS CHEM A, V116, P10359, DOI 10.1021/jp307288r&lt;br/&gt;     Stehle CU, 2012, J CHEM PHYS, V136, DOI 10.1063/1.3686886&lt;br/&gt;     STRAUB JE, 1994, J PHYS CHEM-US, V98, P10978, DOI 10.1021/j100093a046&lt;br/&gt;     Tehver R, 2009, J MOL BIOL, V387, P390, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.12.032&lt;br/&gt;     Thirumuruganandham SP, 2009, J MOL MODEL, V15, P959, DOI 10.1007/s00894-008-0446-1&lt;br/&gt;     Whitmire SE, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1269, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74562-7&lt;br/&gt;     Xie AH, 2000, PHYS REV LETT, V84, P5435, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5435&lt;br/&gt;     Xu D, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P12108, DOI 10.1021/jp960076a&lt;br/&gt;     Yu X, 2005, J CHEM PHYS, V122, DOI 10.1063/1.1830431&lt;br/&gt;     Yu X, 2004, CHEM PHYS LETT, V391, P181, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.100&lt;br/&gt;     Zakaria HA, 2011, APPL SPECTROSC, V65, P260, DOI 10.1366/10-06162&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang HL, 2009, J MOL GRAPH MODEL, V27, P655, DOI 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.10.005&lt;br/&gt;     Zorba A, 2019, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V116, P13937, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1906024116&lt;br/&gt;Romo, Tod D. Grossfield, Alan Markelz, Andrea G.&lt;br/&gt;Grossfield, Alan/0000-0002-5877-2789&lt;br/&gt;National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [MCB 1616529]; U.S. Department of EnergyUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DESC0016317]&lt;br/&gt;Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (MCB 1616529) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0016317).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;Amer chemical soc&lt;br/&gt;Washington&lt;br/&gt;1549-960x</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Romo, Tod D.|Grossfield, Alan] Univ Rochester, Dept Biochem &amp; Biophys, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Markelz, Andrea G.] Univ Buffalo SUNY, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), Univ Buffalo SUNY, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crossen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerfeld, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is the Protein Dynamical Transition useful?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521a</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lechno-Yossef, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerfeld, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stabilization of Terahertz Vibrational Modes in Illuminated Orange Carotenoid Protein Crystals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020 45th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buffalo, NY</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) controls efficiency of the phycobilisome (PBS), the light harvesting antenna in cyanobacteria, to prevent oxidative damage. The OCP switches from resting state to photo protective state with intense blue light illumination. Questions persist as to why OCPR interaction increases with the PBS over that with the OCPO. Here we examine the role of long-range intramolecular vibrations within OCP. Using Stationary Sample Anisotropic Terahertz Microscopy (SSATM) we measure changes in the intramolecular vibrations with photo switching. We report the first observation of switching in the intramolecular vibrations with photoexcitation. Results suggest that there is a stiffening of the molecule in the photo protective state. This increase in structural stability may enhance the interaction with the PBS change in OCP interaction with PBS. In low light, carotenoid bound OCP appears orange (OCP &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; ) and is inactive. Illumination by strong light converts OCP to the active, red (OCPR) state, which interacts with the PBS. A comparison of anisotropic THz microscopy measurements of dark adapted (OCP &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; ) and illuminated OCP crystals indicate differences in their vibrational modes that may be important for OCP-PBS interactions.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LaFave, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kao, T.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THz Transmission through Submillimeter Apertures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IRMMW-THz</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9370923</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buffalo NY</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;Terahertz near-field microspectroscopy is emerging as an essential tool for characterization of novel materials and biomolecules. It is important to ensure the near field geometry used does not introduce spectral artifacts. For example, many scanning techniques can be strongly influenced by the interaction between the scattering tip and the sample. Here we examine the spectroscopic effects of a 200 μm diameter aperture for THz near-field measurements. We use HFSS to model free-space transmission through samples with resonant absorbance as a function of sample thickness, lateral sample width, and aperture diameter. We examine the transmitted power and spectral fidelity for coupling of transmitted THz light onto a detector. These studies inform corrective post-measurement analysis algorithms and design of near-field detection systems.&lt;/div&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Deng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K. Niessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Markelz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angular Distortion Removal of THz Anisotropic Dichroism Microscope</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">absorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">angular distortion removal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomedical measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous iso-response curve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">detection light polarizations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">discontinuous iso-response angle pairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distortion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light polarisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">material characterization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rapid anisotropic terahertz spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relative polarizations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stationary sample</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terahertz spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terahertz wave spectra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THz anisotropic dichroism microscope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vibrations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8873793</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris, France</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 2</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2162-2035</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We have developed a stationary sample THz anisotropic dichroism microscope as a powerful tool for material characterization. The key innovation is the use of an iso-response curve defined by the terahertz and detection light polarizations. Here we show that following a continuous iso-response curve introduces angular distortion in the spectrum, and this distortion can be eliminated by using a discontinuous iso-response angle pairs avoiding large gradient regions. Employing this additional constraint on the relative polarizations provides a convenient technique for rapid anisotropic terahertz spectroscopy.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anisotropic Terahertz Microscopy of Protein Collective Vibrations: Crystal Symmetry and Hydration Dependence</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-5386-8285-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A stationary sample anisotropic terahertz microscopy technique is used to characterize the intramolecular vibrations for lysozyme. Tetragonal and triclinic crystals are compared. We find excellent reproducibility within a single crystal symmetry group. Several resonant bands are present for both symmetry groups, indicating they originate with the intramolecular vibrations and not crystal lattice phonons. Bands become more pronounced and higher frequency resonant bands begin to emerge with slight dehydration.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000591783800033</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BQ4OX&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 4&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Legrand L, 2002, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D, V58, P1564, DOI 10.1107/S0907444902014403&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2019, NAT COMMUN, V10, DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-08926-3&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P933, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049&lt;br/&gt;McKinney, Jeffrey Deng, Yanting Sharma, Akansha George, D. K. Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Sep 01-06, 2019&lt;br/&gt;Paris, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;Lytid, TYDEX, Swiss Terahertz, Fondat Maison Chimie, CNRS, Lab Physique ENS, Li2S, LUNA, MenloSystems, ENS, PSL Univ Paris, FYLA, ADVANTEST, Springer Nature, Soc Francaise Physique, Sorbonne Univ, Int Soc Infrared Millimeter &amp; Terahertz Waves, IEEE, GDR NANO THz MIR&lt;br/&gt;NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 1556359, MCB 1616529]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]; NIHUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [STTR R41 GM125486]&lt;br/&gt;This work is supported by NSF grants DBI 1556359 and MCB 1616529, DOE grant DE-SC0016317 and NIH STTR R41 GM125486.&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[McKinney, Jeffrey|Deng, Yanting|Sharma, Akansha|George, D. K.|Markelz, A. G.] Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;McKinney, J (corresponding author), Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davie, Alex</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandrevala, Farah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Yanting</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sylvester, Eric D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korter, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Einarsson, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benedict, Jason B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue Shift of a Molecular Crystal Phonon at the Solid to Liquid Phase Transition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulletin of the American Physical Society</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deuteration and Inhibitor Binding Dependence of Protein Collective Vibrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">488A-488A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000460779802452</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: HO2XG&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 2&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Mahajan S, 2015, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V567, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.020&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P933, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049&lt;br/&gt;Deng, Yanting Mckinney, Jeffrey Markelz, Andrea&lt;br/&gt;63rd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Mar 02-06, 2019&lt;br/&gt;Baltimore, MD&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;8&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Deng, Yanting|Mckinney, Jeffrey|Markelz, Andrea] SUNY Buffalo, Phys, Buffalo, NY USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Effect of Crystal Contact Forces on the Protein Global Motions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">489A-489A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000460779802457</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: HO2XG&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 1&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;McKinney, Jeffrey A. Deng, Yanting George, Deepu Markelz, Andrea&lt;br/&gt;63rd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Mar 02-06, 2019&lt;br/&gt;Baltimore, MD&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;8&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[McKinney, Jeffrey A.|Deng, Yanting|George, Deepu|Markelz, Andrea] Univ Buffalo, Phys, Buffalo, NY USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Near-field THz micropolarimetry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optics Express</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opt. Express</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opt. ExpressOpt. Express</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">binding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conductivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polarization modulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">time-domain spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wse2</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28036-28047</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1094-4087</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We introduce a method for rapid determination of anisotropic terahertz absorption with sub micron resolution and high spectral integrity in the terahertz range. The method is ideal for microscopic and environmentally sensitive materials such as 2-D materials and protein crystals where the anisotropic absorption is critical to understanding underlying physics. We introduce the idea of using an iso-response relationship between the THz polarization and electro optic probe polarization to enable stationary sample polarization measurements covering a full 2 pi polarization dependence measurement. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000488282800076</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: JB0XT&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 1&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 31&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Antoniou D, 2011, J PHYS CHEM B, V115, P15147, DOI 10.1021/jp207876k&lt;br/&gt;     Bagsican FR, 2017, SCI REP-UK, V7, DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-01883-1&lt;br/&gt;     Baxter JB, 2006, J PHYS CHEM B, V110, P25229, DOI 10.1021/jp064399a&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS B, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P4995, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4995&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2748852&lt;br/&gt;     Chhowalla M, 2013, NAT CHEM, V5, P263, DOI [10.1038/NCHEM.1589, 10.1038/nchem.1589]&lt;br/&gt;     Cote Y, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P2575, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.018&lt;br/&gt;     Dhillon SS, 2017, J PHYS D APPL PHYS, V50, DOI 10.1088/1361-6463/50/4/043001&lt;br/&gt;     Docherty CJ, 2014, ACS NANO, V8, P11147, DOI 10.1021/nn5034746&lt;br/&gt;     Ebbinghaus S, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P20749, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0709207104&lt;br/&gt;     Fan ST, 2014, J PHYS D APPL PHYS, V47, DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/37/374009&lt;br/&gt;     George DK, 2012, J OPT SOC AM B, V29, P1406, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.29.001406&lt;br/&gt;     GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1990, J OPT SOC AM B, V7, P2006, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.7.002006&lt;br/&gt;     Hayes D, 2011, FARADAY DISCUSS, V150, P459, DOI 10.1039/c0fd00030b&lt;br/&gt;     Hirota Y, 2006, OPT EXPRESS, V14, P4486, DOI 10.1364/OE.14.004486&lt;br/&gt;     Huang B, 2017, NATURE, V546, P270, DOI 10.1038/nature22391&lt;br/&gt;     Jin WC, 2018, NAT COMMUN, V9, DOI 10.1038/s41467-018-07547-6&lt;br/&gt;     Lang D, 2018, REV SCI INSTRUM, V89, DOI 10.1063/1.5016281&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz A, 2002, PHYS MED BIOL, V47, P3797, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/318&lt;br/&gt;     Meireles L, 2011, PROTEIN SCI, V20, P1645, DOI 10.1002/pro.711&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2019, NAT COMMUN, V10, DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-08926-3&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P933, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen Katherine A, 2015, Biophys Rev, V7, P201, DOI 10.1007/s12551-015-0168-4&lt;br/&gt;     Ostroverkhova O, 2006, APPL PHYS LETT, V89, DOI 10.1063/1.2387135&lt;br/&gt;     Planken PCM, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P975, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9824-3&lt;br/&gt;     Planken PCM, 2001, J OPT SOC AM B, V18, P313, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000313&lt;br/&gt;     Serita K, 2019, PHOTONICS-BASEL, V6, DOI 10.3390/photonics6010012&lt;br/&gt;     Vinh NQ, 2011, J AM CHEM SOC, V133, P8942, DOI 10.1021/ja200566u&lt;br/&gt;     You JW, 2018, NANO CONVERG, V5, DOI 10.1186/s40580-018-0158-x&lt;br/&gt;     Zhao C, 2017, NAT NANOTECHNOL, V12, P757, DOI [10.1038/NNANO.2017.68, 10.1038/nnano.2017.68]&lt;br/&gt;Niessen, Katherine Deng, Yanting Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 1556359, MCB 1616529]; U.S. Department of EnergyUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SCO016317]; National Institute of General Medical SciencesUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [STTR R41 GM125486]&lt;br/&gt;National Science Foundation (DBI 1556359, MCB 1616529); U.S. Department of Energy DE-SCO016317); National Institute of General Medical Sciences (STTR R41 GM125486).&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;3&lt;br/&gt;9&lt;br/&gt;Optical soc amer&lt;br/&gt;Washington</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Niessen, Katherine|Deng, Yanting|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffatlo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jimenez, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photo Switching of Protein Dynamical Collectivity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arXiv:1906.00893</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.00893</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Deepu K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Michael C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferré-D’Amaré, Adrian R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, Edward H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cody, Vivian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pace, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Marius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein and RNA dynamical fingerprinting</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-10</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2041-1723</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romo, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossfield, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein Intramolecular Motions with Deuteration and Inhibitor Binding Dependence</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS R63.003</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR19/Session/R63.3</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romo, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossfield, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectral Assignment of Lysozyme Collective Vibrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">564A-564A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div class=&quot;section-paragraph&quot;&gt;Global structural vibrations at terahertz (THz) frequencies have been associated with protein function and allosteric control. A chief obstacle to utilizing this control mechanism has been measurement of specific motions. Recently it was shown that while the vibrational density of states, and isotropic absorption spectra are broad and featureless, collective vibrations can be isolated based on their directionality using aligned samples (realized with protein crystals) and anisotropic THz microscopy [1]. However the assignment of resonant bands to specific structural motions was complicated by the high symmetry of the tetragonal crystals used, and the slow experimental method. To structurally map the vibrations of the chicken egg white lysozyme (CEWL) we measure anisotropic absorption of triclinic crystals using our new technique: ideal polarization varying anisotropic THz microscopy (IPV-ATM). The low symmetry triclinic crystals provide absolute protein orientation, and the near field IPV-ATM rapidly measures broadband terahertz linear dichroism of the microcrystals. All measurements were performed at room temperature under 100% humidity conditions. The unit cell parameters of triclinic lysozyme nitrate crystals, α = 28.5A°, b = 32.7A°, c = 35.1A°, α = 88.2°, β = 108.9°, γ = 111.9°, belonging to the P1 space group, were determined by X-ray diffraction before and after THz measurements. The intramolecular vibrational absorbance of the triclinic crystals has a more complex polarization dependence than the higher symmetry tetragonal crystals, as expected. While the tetragonal crystals have two strong bands at 45cm&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and 55cm&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, the triclinic crystals have a series of narrow bands between 40 and 60cm&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and a prominent band at 30cm&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. We compare the measured spectra to normal mode ensemble averaged calculations to assign the observed resonances, and isolating which collective motions impact the catalytic site.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000460779802832</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: HO2XG&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 1&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P933, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049&lt;br/&gt;Deng, Yanting Mckinney, Jeffrey Romo, Tod Grossfield, Alan Markelz, Andrea&lt;br/&gt;63rd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Mar 02-06, 2019&lt;br/&gt;Baltimore, MD&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;8&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Deng, Yanting|Mckinney, Jeffrey|Markelz, Andrea] SUNY Buffalo, Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Romo, Tod|Grossfield, Alan] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem &amp; Biophys, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LaFave, T., Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McNee, Ian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozlov, Vladimir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schunemann, Peter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stationary Sample Anisotropic THz Spectroscopy using Discretely Tunable THz Sources</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-5386-8285-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate anisotropic THz spectroscopy of sucrose using newly developed compact discretely tunable THz sources for turn-key spectroscopic systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000591783800538</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Sep 01-06, 2019&lt;br/&gt;Paris, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;Lytid; TYDEX; Swiss Terahertz; Fondat Maison Chimie; CNRS, Lab Physique ENS; Li2S; LUNA; MenloSystems; ENS; PSL Univ Paris; FYLA; ADVANTEST; Springer Nature; Soc Francaise Physique; Sorbonne Univ; Int Soc Infrared Millimeter &amp; Terahertz Waves; IEEE; GDR NANO THz MIR&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LaFave, T. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McNee, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tekavec, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozlov, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schunemann, P.</style></author></authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spie,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys Buffalo N. Y. U. S. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microtech Instruments, Eugene O. R. U. S. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bae Syst, P. O. B. Nashua N. H. U. S. A.</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tunable Compact Narrow Band THz Sources for Frequency Domain THz Anisotropic Spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies XII</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of SPIE</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anisotropy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomolecules</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">femtosecond</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">optical rectification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">orientation patterned gallium phosphide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THz generation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr 15-17</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baltimore, MD</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10983</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-5106-2632-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate frequency domain THz anisotropy signature detection for protein crystal models using newly developed compact tunable narrow band THz sources based on Orientation Patterned Gallium Phosphide for turn-key spectroscopic systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000484438200016</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BN5PJ&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 17&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2748852&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2011, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V5, P124, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201000011&lt;br/&gt;     Lee Y. S., 2006, APPL PHYS LETT, V89&lt;br/&gt;     Lee YS, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V76, P2505, DOI 10.1063/1.126390&lt;br/&gt;     Lin A., 2013, ANTIPHASE DOMAIN ANN&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen K. A., BIOPHYSICAL J, V112, P933&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2019, NAT COMMUN, V10, DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-08926-3&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen Katherine A, 2015, Biophys Rev, V7, P201, DOI 10.1007/s12551-015-0168-4&lt;br/&gt;     PARSONS DF, 1971, APPL OPTICS, V10, P1683&lt;br/&gt;     Singh R., 2013, PHYSICS&lt;br/&gt;     Strachan CJ, 2005, J PHARM SCI-US, V94, P837, DOI 10.1002/jps.20281&lt;br/&gt;     Tassev V., 2013, SPIE LASE, V9&lt;br/&gt;     Tekavec P., 2017, FRONTIERS OPTICS 201&lt;br/&gt;     Tonouchi M, 2007, NAT PHOTONICS, V1, P97, DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.3&lt;br/&gt;     Walther M, 2003, CHEM PHYS, V288, P261, DOI 10.1016/S0301-0104(03)00031-4&lt;br/&gt;     Zeitler JA, 2009, EUR J PHARM BIOPHARM, V71, P2, DOI 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.08.012&lt;br/&gt;George, D. K. LaFave, T. J. Markelz, A. G. Mcnee, Ian Tekavec, Patrick Kozlov, Vladimir Schunemann, Peter&lt;br/&gt;LaFave, Tim/0000-0003-2925-8657&lt;br/&gt;NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCESUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R41GM125486] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER; NIGMS NIH HHSUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R41 GM125486] Funding Source: Medline&lt;br/&gt;0277-786x&lt;br/&gt;1098311</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BELLINGHAM</style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></custom2><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Next-generation spectroscopic technologies xii</style></orig-pub><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, DK (corresponding author), Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McNee, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tekavec, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozlov, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schunemann, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tunable narrow band sources for anisotropic THz spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS S23-002</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR19/Session/S23.2</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McNee, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tekavec, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozlov, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schunemann, P.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schunemann, P. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schepler, K. L.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tunable narrowband THz generation in orientation patterned gallium phosphide for THz anisotropy identification</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices Xviii</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of SPIE</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anisotropy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomolecules</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">femtosecond</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">optical rectification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">orientation patterned gallium phosphide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THz generation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellingham</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10902</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-5106-2447-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate tunable narrowband THz generation by optical rectification of a femtosecond pulse in Orientation Patterned Gallium Phosphide. Center frequencies of 0.9 - 3.8 THz with average power up to 15 mu W were achieved using a 1.064 mu m fiber laser for the pump laser. Biomolecular characterization for an early application of this system is also shown in this work by anisotropic spectroscopic signature detection of molecular crystals in the THz region.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000471820400020</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BM9XB&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 2&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 8&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Fejer M. M., 2013, ANTIPHASE DOMAIN ANN, P258&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2011, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V5, P124, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201000011&lt;br/&gt;     Lee YS, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V76, P2505, DOI 10.1063/1.126390&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen K. A., BIOPHYSICAL J, V112, P933&lt;br/&gt;     PARSONS DF, 1971, APPL OPTICS, V10, P1683&lt;br/&gt;     Singh R., 2013, MODULATED ORIENTATIO&lt;br/&gt;     Tassev V., 2013, SPIE LASE, P9&lt;br/&gt;     Tekavec P., 2017, FRONTIERS OPTICS 201&lt;br/&gt;McNee, Ian Tekavec, Patrick Kozlov, Vladimir Markelz, A. G. George, D. K. Schunemann, Peter&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials and Devices XVIII&lt;br/&gt;Feb 05-07, 2019&lt;br/&gt;San Francisco, CA&lt;br/&gt;Spie&lt;br/&gt;1000 20th st, po box 10, bellingham, wa 98227-0010 usa&lt;br/&gt;0277-786x&lt;br/&gt;Unsp 1090218</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[McNee, Ian|Tekavec, Patrick|Kozlov, Vladimir] Microtech Instruments Inc, 858 W Pk St, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. [Markelz, A. G.|George, D. K.] Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Schunemann, Peter] BAE Syst, POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA.&lt;br/&gt;McNee, I (corresponding author), Microtech Instruments Inc, 858 W Pk St, Eugene, OR 97401 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luck, C. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romo, T. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossfield, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bandara, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ren, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, X. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increase in Dynamical Collectivity and Directionality of Orange Carotenoid Protein in the Photo-Protective State</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">522A-522A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000430563200362</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: GD5RB&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 1&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 0&lt;br/&gt;Deng, Yanting Luck, Catherine H. Romo, Tod D. Grossfield, Alan M. Bandara, Sepalika Ren, Zhong Yang, Xiaojing Markelz, Andrea G.&lt;br/&gt;62nd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Feb 17-21, 2018&lt;br/&gt;San Francisco, CA&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;7&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Deng, Yanting|Luck, Catherine H.|Markelz, Andrea G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Romo, Tod D.|Grossfield, Alan M.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem &amp; Biophys, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Bandara, Sepalika|Ren, Zhong|Yang, Xiaojing] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luck, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigation of the Isotope Shift in Protein Collective Vibrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS 2018</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2018.MAR.A50.13</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A50.013</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luck, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring Protein Intramolecular Dynamics with Terahertz Light: Functional Changes and Relevance to Biology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS 2018</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2018.MAR.H50.1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H50.001</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapid Terahertz Dichroism Near Field Microscopy for Biomolecular Intramolecular Vibrational Spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS 2018</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2018.MAR.A50.8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A50.008</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Yanting</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Deepu Koshy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Light Fingerprints Biomolecular Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLEO: Science and Innovations</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optical Society of America</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SW3D. 5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McNee, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tekavec, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozlov, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schunemann, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THz Anisotropy Identification using Tunable Compact Narrow Band THz Sources</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-5386-3809-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate THz anisotropy signature determination of a protein crystal model using newly developed compact tunable narrow band THz sources for turn-key spectroscopic systems for the bio molecular community.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000449683700444</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BL3GO&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 6&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Dhillon SS, 2017, J PHYS D APPL PHYS, V50, DOI 10.1088/1361-6463/50/4/043001&lt;br/&gt;     Lee YS, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V76, P2505, DOI 10.1063/1.126390&lt;br/&gt;     Lin A., 2013, ANTIPHASE DOMAIN ANN, P258&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen KA, 2017, BIOPHYS J, V112, P933, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049&lt;br/&gt;     Tassev V., 2013, SPIE LASE, P9&lt;br/&gt;     Tekavec P., 2017, FRONTIERS OPTICS 201&lt;br/&gt;George, D. K. Markelz, A. G. Mcnee, Ian Tekavec, Patrick Kozlov, Vladimir Schunemann, Peter&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Sep 09-14, 2018&lt;br/&gt;Nagoya, JAPAN&lt;br/&gt;IEEE Microwave Theory &amp; Tech Soc, TeraTech, JSPS, JSIR, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEJ, CSJ, AIP, APL Photon, AIP, Journal Appl Phys, EiC, SPSJ, Terahertz Syst Consortium, AICHI, Nagoya Convent &amp; Visitors Bur, ADVANTEST CORP, AmTechs Corp, Menlo Systems GmbH, Nippo Precigion Co Ltd, TeraMetrix LLC Div Luna, ATN Japan LTD, DAHENG NEW EPOCH TECHNOL INC, FEMTO Dev Inc, KYOWA FINTECH Co Ltd, Spectra Design Ltd, TeraView Ltd, TYDEX LLC, Virginia Diodes Inc, PNP, Tydex Res &amp; Ind Opt, Femtowave, Kyowa Fine Tech Co Ltd, Daheng Opt&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[George, D. K.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Mcnee, Ian|Tekavec, Patrick|Kozlov, Vladimir] Microtech Instruments, 858 W Pk St, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. [Schunemann, Peter] BAE Syst, POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA.&lt;br/&gt;George, DK (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhillon, S. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitiello, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linfield, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoffmann, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Booske, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoloni, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gensch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weightman, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, G. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro-Camus, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cumming, D. R. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simoens, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escorcia-Carranza, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grant, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucyszyn, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuwata-Gonokami, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konishi, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmuttenmaer, C. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cocker, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huber, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor, Z. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallace, V. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeitler, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibik, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korter, T. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellison, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rea, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goldsmith, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooper, K. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appleby, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardo, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huggard, P. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krozer, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shams, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fice, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renaud, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stohr, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naftaly, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridler, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarke, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunningham, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, M. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ex-vivo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metal wave-guides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">near-field</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoconductive emitters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantum-cascade lasers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiconductors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">time-domain spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-3727</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Science and technologies based on terahertz frequency electromagnetic radiation (100 GHz-30 THz) have developed rapidly over the last 30 years. For most of the 20th Century, terahertz radiation, then referred to as sub-millimeter wave or far-infrared radiation, was mainly utilized by astronomers and some spectroscopists. Following the development of laser based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the 1980s and 1990s the field of THz science and technology expanded rapidly, to the extent that it now touches many areas from fundamental science to &#039;real world&#039; applications. For example THz radiation is being used to optimize materials for new solar cells, and may also be a key technology for the next generation of airport security scanners. While the field was emerging it was possible to keep track of all new developments, however now the field has grown so much that it is increasingly difficult to follow the diverse range of new discoveries and applications that are appearing. At this point in time, when the field of THz science and technology is moving from an emerging to a more established and interdisciplinary field, it is apt to present a roadmap to help identify the breadth and future directions of the field. The aim of this roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of THz science and technology in 2017, and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds. To be able to achieve this aim, we have invited a group of international experts to write 18 sections that cover most of the key areas of THz science and technology. We hope that The 2017 Roadmap on THz science and technology will prove to be a useful resource by providing a wide ranging introduction to the capabilities of THz radiation for those outside or just entering the field as well as providing perspective and breadth for those who are well established. We also feel that this review should serve as a useful guide for government and funding agencies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000392153700001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: EI0HL&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 541&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 209&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Adam AJL, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P976, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9809-2&lt;br/&gt;     Ahmed SS, 2012, IEEE MICROW MAG, V13, P26, DOI 10.1109/MMM.2012.2205772&lt;br/&gt;     Alliance N., 2015, CISC VIS NETW IND GL, P1&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2013, 178512012 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2014, IEEE T ELECT DEVICES, V61&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2012, 178522016 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2015, P17852 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     Appleby R, 2015, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V9462&lt;br/&gt;     Arnone DD, 1999, PROC SPIE, V3828, P209, DOI 10.1117/12.361037&lt;br/&gt;     Ashworth PC, 2009, OPT EXPRESS, V17, P12444, DOI 10.1364/OE.17.012444&lt;br/&gt;     AUSTON DH, 1988, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, V24, P184, DOI 10.1109/3.114&lt;br/&gt;     Barbieri S, 2011, NAT PHOTONICS, V5, P306, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.49, 10.1038/nphoton.2011.49]&lt;br/&gt;     Barker RJ., 2005, MODERN MICROWAVE MIL&lt;br/&gt;     Basov DN, 2011, REV MOD PHYS, V83, P471, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.83.471&lt;br/&gt;     Bauwens M. F., 2014, P IEEEMTT S INT MICR, P1, DOI [10.1109/MWSYM.2014.68486 07, DOI 10.1109/MWSYM.2014.6848607]&lt;br/&gt;     Beard MC, 2002, NANO LETT, V2, P983, DOI 10.1021/nl0256210&lt;br/&gt;     Beard MC, 2000, PHYS REV B, V62, P15764, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764&lt;br/&gt;     Bechtel HA, 2014, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V111, P7191, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1400502111&lt;br/&gt;     Belkin MA, 2008, OPT EXPRESS, V16, P3242, DOI 10.1364/OE.16.003242&lt;br/&gt;     Belkin MA, 2015, PHYS SCRIPTA, V90, DOI 10.1088/0031-8949/90/11/118002&lt;br/&gt;     Bell R., 2012, INTRO FOURIER TRANSF&lt;br/&gt;     Berry CW, 2013, NAT COMMUN, V4, DOI 10.1038/ncomms2638&lt;br/&gt;     Blanchard F, 2011, OPT EXPRESS, V19, P8277, DOI 10.1364/OE.19.008277&lt;br/&gt;     Blau J, 2013, P FREE EL LAS FEL 20, P486&lt;br/&gt;     Booske JH, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P54, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2151610&lt;br/&gt;     Booske JH, 2008, PHYS PLASMAS, V15, DOI 10.1063/1.2838240&lt;br/&gt;     Boppel S, 2012, 2012 IEEE 12TH TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS (SIRF), P77, DOI 10.1109/SiRF.2012.6160142&lt;br/&gt;     Burghoff D, 2014, NAT PHOTONICS, V8, P462, DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2014.85&lt;br/&gt;     Busch SF, 2014, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V35, P993, DOI 10.1007/s10762-014-0113-9&lt;br/&gt;     Byrne MB, 2011, APPL PHYS LETT, V98, DOI 10.1063/1.3579258&lt;br/&gt;     Carr GL, 2002, NATURE, V420, P153, DOI 10.1038/nature01175&lt;br/&gt;     Carranza IE, 2015, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V5, P892, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2463673&lt;br/&gt;     Castro-Camus E, 2007, OPT EXPRESS, V15, P7047, DOI 10.1364/OE.15.007047&lt;br/&gt;     Chan WL, 2007, REP PROG PHYS, V70, P1325, DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/70/8/R02&lt;br/&gt;     Chattopadhyay G, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P33, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2159561&lt;br/&gt;     Chen HT, 2003, APPL PHYS LETT, V83, P3009, DOI 10.1063/1.1616668&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JN, 2012, NATURE, V487, P77, DOI 10.1038/nature11254&lt;br/&gt;     Cocker T L, 2016, J PHYS D, V16, P1421&lt;br/&gt;     Cocker TL, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P620, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.151, 10.1038/nphoton.2013.151]&lt;br/&gt;     Coleman B, 2001, Issue Brief (Public Policy Inst (Am Assoc Retired Pers)), P1&lt;br/&gt;     Cooper KB, 2014, IEEE MICROW MAG, V15, P51, DOI 10.1109/MMM.2014.2356092&lt;br/&gt;     Cruz F C, 2007, C MICR OPT&lt;br/&gt;     Cunningham J, 2010, ELECTRON LETT, V46, pS34, DOI 10.1049/el.2010.3317&lt;br/&gt;     Dean P, 2011, OPT LETT, V36, P2587, DOI 10.1364/OL.36.002587&lt;br/&gt;     Dietz RJB, 2014, OPT LETT, V39, P6482, DOI 10.1364/OL.39.006482&lt;br/&gt;     Dietz RJB, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P19411, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.019411&lt;br/&gt;     Dobrovolsky V, 2007, SEMICOND SCI TECH, V22, P103, DOI 10.1088/0268-1242/22/2/017&lt;br/&gt;     Ducournau G, 2014, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V4, P328, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2309006&lt;br/&gt;     Dunsmore J.P., 2012, HDB MICROWAVE COMPON&lt;br/&gt;     Duvillaret L, 1999, APPL OPTICS, V38, P409, DOI 10.1364/AO.38.000409&lt;br/&gt;     Eisele M, 2014, NAT PHOTONICS, V8, P841, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2014.225, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.225]&lt;br/&gt;     Falconer RJ, 2012, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V33, P973, DOI 10.1007/s10762-012-9915-9&lt;br/&gt;     Fathololoumi S, 2012, OPT EXPRESS, V20, P3866, DOI 10.1364/OE.20.003866&lt;br/&gt;     Fausti D, 2011, SCIENCE, V331, P189, DOI 10.1126/science.1197294&lt;br/&gt;     Federici J, 2010, J APPL PHYS, V107, DOI 10.1063/1.3386413&lt;br/&gt;     Fei Z, 2012, NATURE, V487, P82, DOI 10.1038/nature11253&lt;br/&gt;     FETTERMAN HR, 1974, APPL PHYS LETT, V24, P70, DOI 10.1063/1.1655098&lt;br/&gt;     Freeman JR, 2013, OPT EXPRESS, V21, P16162, DOI 10.1364/OE.21.016162&lt;br/&gt;     Frisk U, 2003, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V402, pL27, DOI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030335&lt;br/&gt;     Garet F, 2014, APPL PHYS LETT, V105, DOI 10.1063/1.4890732&lt;br/&gt;     Gavrilov NG, 2007, NUCL INSTRUM METH A, V575, P54, DOI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.023&lt;br/&gt;     Gensch M., 2013, P 35 INT FREE EL LAS, P474&lt;br/&gt;     George DK, 2012, J OPT SOC AM B, V29, P1406, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.29.001406&lt;br/&gt;     Giliberti V, 2013, APPL PHYS LETT, V103, DOI 10.1063/1.4819734&lt;br/&gt;     Grant J, 2013, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V7, P1043, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201300087&lt;br/&gt;     Green B, 2016, SCI REP-UK, V6, DOI 10.1038/srep22256&lt;br/&gt;     Griffith P.R., 2007, FOURIER TRANSFORM IN&lt;br/&gt;     GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1990, J OPT SOC AM B, V7, P2006, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.7.002006&lt;br/&gt;     Gruene P, 2008, SCIENCE, V321, P674, DOI 10.1126/science.1161166&lt;br/&gt;     Han NR, 2014, OPT LETT, V39, P3480, DOI 10.1364/OL.39.003480&lt;br/&gt;     Han RN, 2013, IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC, V48, P2296, DOI 10.1109/JSSC.2013.2269856&lt;br/&gt;     Hanham SM, 2015, APPL PHYS LETT, V107, DOI 10.1063/1.4927242&lt;br/&gt;     Hassel J, 2015, PROC SPIE, V9651, DOI 10.1117/12.2197522&lt;br/&gt;     Hauri CP, 2011, APPL PHYS LETT, V99, DOI 10.1063/1.3655331&lt;br/&gt;     He W, 2015, APPL PHYS LETT, V107, DOI 10.1063/1.4932099&lt;br/&gt;     Hebling J, 2002, OPT EXPRESS, V10, P1161, DOI 10.1364/OE.10.001161&lt;br/&gt;     Heinz E, 2015, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V36, P879, DOI 10.1007/s10762-015-0170-8&lt;br/&gt;     Henry SC, 2012, OPT ENG, V51, DOI 10.1117/1.OE.51.9.091603&lt;br/&gt;     Hesler J L, 2006, P 7 INT S SPAC TER T, P215&lt;br/&gt;     Hintzsche H, 2012, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V42, P2408, DOI 10.1080/10643389.2011.574206&lt;br/&gt;     Hishida M, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V106, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.158102&lt;br/&gt;     Ho IC, 2010, OPT EXPRESS, V18, P2872, DOI 10.1364/OE.18.002872&lt;br/&gt;     HU BB, 1995, OPT LETT, V20, P1716, DOI 10.1364/OL.20.001716&lt;br/&gt;     Huang C, 2012, PHYS REV B, V85&lt;br/&gt;     Huber R, 2001, NATURE, V414, P286, DOI 10.1038/35104522&lt;br/&gt;     Jankowiak A., 2013, Synchrotron Radiation News, V26, P22, DOI 10.1080/08940886.2013.791212&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2007, CHEM PHYS LETT, V442, P275, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.05.112&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2011, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V5, P124, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201000011&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2005, OPT LETT, V30, P29, DOI 10.1364/OL.30.000029&lt;br/&gt;     JUICE-Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, 2014, SRE20141 JUICE EUR S, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Kallfass I, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P477, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2160021&lt;br/&gt;     Kampfrath T, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P680, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2013.184, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.184]&lt;br/&gt;     Kan T, 2015, NAT COMMUN, V6, DOI 10.1038/ncomms9422&lt;br/&gt;     Karpowicz N, 2008, APPL PHYS LETT, V92, DOI 10.1063/1.2828709&lt;br/&gt;     Kehr SC, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V100, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.256403&lt;br/&gt;     Kemp MC, 2011, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V1, P282, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2159647&lt;br/&gt;     Khalid A, 2014, J APPL PHYS, V115, DOI 10.1063/1.4868705&lt;br/&gt;     Kirley MP, 2015, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V5, P1012, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2468074&lt;br/&gt;     Kiwa T, 2003, OPT LETT, V28, P2058, DOI 10.1364/OL.28.002058&lt;br/&gt;     Koch M, 2001, NATO SCI SER II MATH, V27, P241&lt;br/&gt;     Koenig S, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P977, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2013.275, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.275]&lt;br/&gt;     Kohler R, 2002, NATURE, V417, P156, DOI 10.1038/417156a&lt;br/&gt;     Koppens FHL, 2014, NAT NANOTECHNOL, V9, P780, DOI [10.1038/nnano.2014.215, 10.1038/NNANO.2014.215]&lt;br/&gt;     Kosarev A, 2010, SOLID STATE ELECTRON, V54, P417, DOI 10.1016/j.sse.2009.12.032&lt;br/&gt;     Kundu I, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P16595, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.016595&lt;br/&gt;     Kuznetsov SA, 2010, KEY ENG MATER, V437, P276, DOI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.437.276&lt;br/&gt;     Langevin Y, 2005, PAYLOAD MISSION DEFI&lt;br/&gt;     LaRue JL, 2015, PHYS REV LETT, V115, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.036103&lt;br/&gt;     Leitenstorfer A, 2014, NEW J PHYS, V16, DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/4/045016&lt;br/&gt;     Leitner DM, 2006, INT REV PHYS CHEM, V25, P553, DOI 10.1080/01442350600862117&lt;br/&gt;     Li LH, 2014, ELECTRON LETT, V50, P309, DOI 10.1049/el.2013.4035&lt;br/&gt;     Liu L, 2010, IEEE MICROW WIREL CO, V20, P504, DOI 10.1109/LMWC.2010.2055553&lt;br/&gt;     Liu SC, 2016, OPT EXPRESS, V24, P2728, DOI 10.1364/OE.24.002728&lt;br/&gt;     Lu X H, 2008, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V7277&lt;br/&gt;     Luukanen A, 2003, APPL PHYS LETT, V82, P3970, DOI 10.1063/1.1579562&lt;br/&gt;     Mann C, 2009, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V7311, P3970&lt;br/&gt;     Mickan S, 2004, PROC SPIE, V5277, P54, DOI 10.1117/12.530386&lt;br/&gt;     Mineo M, 2010, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V57, P3169, DOI 10.1109/TED.2010.2071876&lt;br/&gt;     Mittleman DM, 1996, IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT, V2, P679, DOI 10.1109/2944.571768&lt;br/&gt;     Mittleman DM, 1999, APPL PHYS B-LASERS O, V68, P1085, DOI 10.1007/s003400050750&lt;br/&gt;     Moon K, 2012, APPL PHYS LETT, V101, DOI 10.1063/1.4733475&lt;br/&gt;     Muller AS, 2010, REV ACCEL SCI TECH, V3, P165, DOI 10.1142/S1793626810000427&lt;br/&gt;     Muller R, 2015, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V36, P654, DOI 10.1007/s10762-015-0163-7&lt;br/&gt;     Naftaly M, 2015, TERAHERTZ METROLOGY, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Nagai M, 2015, OPT EXPRESS, V23, P4641, DOI 10.1364/OE.23.004641&lt;br/&gt;     Nagatsuma T, 2012, OPT EXPRESS, V21, P477&lt;br/&gt;     Nagel M, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P154, DOI 10.1063/1.1428619&lt;br/&gt;     Navarro-Cia M, 2015, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V36, P542, DOI 10.1007/s10762-015-0157-5&lt;br/&gt;     Nielsen K, 2009, OPT EXPRESS, V17, P8592, DOI 10.1364/OE.17.008592&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen Katherine A, 2015, Biophys Rev, V7, P201, DOI 10.1007/s12551-015-0168-4&lt;br/&gt;     Nordquist CD, 2011, IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT, V17, P130, DOI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2049095&lt;br/&gt;     Oh SJ, 2012, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V33, P74, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9847-9&lt;br/&gt;     Ojefors E, 2009, IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC, V44, P1968, DOI 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2021911&lt;br/&gt;     Ortolani M, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V97&lt;br/&gt;     Ozerov M, 2014, PHYS REV LETT, V113, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.157205&lt;br/&gt;     Paoloni C, 2013, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V60, P1236, DOI 10.1109/TED.2013.2240686&lt;br/&gt;     Parrott EPJ, 2015, APPL SPECTROSC, V69, P1, DOI 10.1366/14-07707&lt;br/&gt;     Patrashin M, 2015, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V62, P1068, DOI 10.1109/TED.2015.2393358&lt;br/&gt;     Peiponen K. E., 2013, TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCO, V171&lt;br/&gt;     Peng K, 2015, NANO LETT, V15, P206, DOI 10.1021/nl5033843&lt;br/&gt;     Pickwell E, 2004, APPL PHYS LETT, V84, P2190, DOI 10.1063/1.1688448&lt;br/&gt;     Ponnampalam L, 2011, J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL, V29, P2229, DOI 10.1109/JLT.2011.2158186&lt;br/&gt;     Pupeza I, 2007, OPT EXPRESS, V15, P4335, DOI 10.1364/OE.15.004335&lt;br/&gt;     Rauter P, 2015, LASER PHOTONICS REV, V9, P452, DOI 10.1002/lpor.201500095&lt;br/&gt;     Reid CB, 2011, PHYS MED BIOL, V56, P4333, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/56/14/008&lt;br/&gt;     Reid J R, 2012, IEEE 12 TOP M SIL MO, P17&lt;br/&gt;     Rosch M, 2015, NAT PHOTONICS, V9, P42, DOI [10.1038/nphoton.2014.279, 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.279]&lt;br/&gt;     Rudd JV, 2000, PROC SPIE, V3934, P27, DOI 10.1117/12.386344&lt;br/&gt;     Rymanov V, 2015, PHOTONICS, V2, DOI 10.3390/photonics2041152&lt;br/&gt;     SANTOS Daisy Conceicao, 2014, THESIS&lt;br/&gt;     Scherger B, 2011, APPL OPTICS, V50, P2256, DOI 10.1364/AO.50.002256&lt;br/&gt;     Schleicher JM, 2009, J APPL PHYS, V105, DOI 10.1063/1.3133093&lt;br/&gt;     Schumann S, 2012, OPT EXPRESS, V20, P19200, DOI 10.1364/OE.20.019200&lt;br/&gt;     Seeds AJ, 2015, J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL, V33, P579, DOI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2355137&lt;br/&gt;     Sell A, 2008, OPT LETT, V33, P2767, DOI 10.1364/OL.33.002767&lt;br/&gt;     Shams H, 2015, IEEE PHOTONICS J, V7, DOI 10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2438437&lt;br/&gt;     Shams H, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P23465, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.023465&lt;br/&gt;     Shen YC, 2004, APPL PHYS LETT, V85, P164, DOI 10.1063/1.1768313&lt;br/&gt;     Simoens F., 2014, PHILOS T A, V372, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Simoens F, 2011, 36 INT C INFR MILL T, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Singh A, 2015, OPT EXPRESS, V23, P6656, DOI 10.1364/OE.23.006656&lt;br/&gt;     Sirtori C, 2013, NAT PHOTONICS, V7, P691, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.208, 10.1038/nphoton.2013.208]&lt;br/&gt;     SMITH PR, 1988, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, V24, P255, DOI 10.1109/3.121&lt;br/&gt;     Son JH, 2013, NANOTECHNOLOGY, V24, DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/21/214001&lt;br/&gt;     Swinyard B, 2013, SPIE SENSORS SYSTEMS&lt;br/&gt;     Sy S, 2010, PHYS MED BIOL, V55, P7587, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/55/24/013&lt;br/&gt;     Taylor ZD, 2015, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V5, P184, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2392628&lt;br/&gt;     Teppati V, 2013, CAMB RF MICROW ENG, P1, DOI 10.1017/CBO9781139567626&lt;br/&gt;     Tewari P, 2012, P SPIE, V8261&lt;br/&gt;     Thomas B., 2014, P 39 INT C INFR MILL, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Thumm M, 2014, KIT SCI REPORTS, V7693&lt;br/&gt;     Tonouchi M, 2007, NAT PHOTONICS, V1, P97, DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.3&lt;br/&gt;     Truong BCQ, 2015, IEEE T BIO-MED ENG, V62, P699, DOI 10.1109/TBME.2014.2364025&lt;br/&gt;     Turcinkova D, 2015, APPL PHYS LETT, V106, DOI 10.1063/1.4916653&lt;br/&gt;     Turner GM, 2002, J PHYS CHEM B, V106, P11716, DOI 10.1021/jp025844e&lt;br/&gt;     van der Valk NCJ, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1558, DOI 10.1063/1.1503404&lt;br/&gt;     van Dijk F, 2014, IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L, V26, P965, DOI 10.1109/LPT.2014.2309353&lt;br/&gt;     Vicario C, 2014, PHYS REV LETT, V112, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.213901&lt;br/&gt;     Vinh NQ, 2015, J CHEM PHYS, V142, DOI 10.1063/1.4918708&lt;br/&gt;     Vitiello MS, 2012, NAT PHOTONICS, V6, P525, DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2012.145&lt;br/&gt;     Vitiello MS, 2015, OPT EXPRESS, V23, P5167, DOI 10.1364/OE.23.005167&lt;br/&gt;     Vitiello MS, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms6884&lt;br/&gt;     Wade A, 2009, NAT PHOTONICS, V3, P41, DOI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2008.251&lt;br/&gt;     Wallace B., 2015, SPIE NEWSROOM, DOI [10.1117/2.1201503.005871, DOI 10.1117/2.1201503.005871]&lt;br/&gt;     Wallace VP, 2004, BRIT J DERMATOL, V151, P424, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06129.x&lt;br/&gt;     Wang FH, 2015, OPTICA, V2, P944, DOI 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000944&lt;br/&gt;     Weightman P, 2012, PHYS BIOL, V9, DOI 10.1088/1478-3975/9/5/053001&lt;br/&gt;     Wienold M, 2014, OPT EXPRESS, V22, P3334, DOI 10.1364/OE.22.003334&lt;br/&gt;     Wilk R, 2007, C LAS EL BALT MD&lt;br/&gt;     Williams BS, 2006, ELECTRON LETT, V42, P89, DOI 10.1049/el:20063921&lt;br/&gt;     Williams GP, 2006, REP PROG PHYS, V69, P301, DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/69/2/R01&lt;br/&gt;     Williams GP, 2008, NAT PHYS, V4, P356, DOI 10.1038/nphys958&lt;br/&gt;     Williams MRC, 2013, J PHYS CHEM B, V117, P10444, DOI 10.1021/jp406730a&lt;br/&gt;     Williams R, 2013, PHYS MED BIOL, V58, P373, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/58/2/373&lt;br/&gt;     Withayachumnankul W, 2008, J OPT SOC AM B, V25, P1059, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.001059&lt;br/&gt;     Woerner M, 2013, NEW J PHYS, V15, DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/025039&lt;br/&gt;     Woodward RM, 2003, J INVEST DERMATOL, V120, P72, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12013.x&lt;br/&gt;     Wu X, OPT LETT, V39, P5403&lt;br/&gt;     Wu ZR, 2013, REV SCI INSTRUM, V84, DOI 10.1063/1.4790427&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2003, PROC SPIE, V5268, P19, DOI 10.1117/12.518533&lt;br/&gt;     Yamashita M, 2011, OPT EXPRESS, V19, P10864, DOI 10.1364/OE.19.010864&lt;br/&gt;     Yan F, 2013, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V34, P489, DOI 10.1007/s10762-013-0005-4&lt;br/&gt;     Yang SH, 2014, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V4, P575, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2342505&lt;br/&gt;     Yeh KL, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2734374&lt;br/&gt;     Zamora A, 2015, IEEE MTT S INT MICR&lt;br/&gt;     Zhao JF, 2011, IEEE T ELECTRON DEV, V58, P1221, DOI 10.1109/TED.2011.2109723&lt;br/&gt;     Zheludev NI, 2012, NAT MATER, V11, P917, DOI [10.1038/NMAT3431, 10.1038/nmat3431]&lt;br/&gt;     Zhou Y, 2010, PROG ELECTROMAGN RES, V105, P71, DOI 10.2528/PIER10041806&lt;br/&gt;     Zibik EA, 2009, NAT MATER, V8, P803, DOI [10.1038/nmat2511, 10.1038/NMAT2511]&lt;br/&gt;Dhillon, S. S. Vitiello, M. S. Linfield, E. H. Davies, A. G. Hoffmann, Matthias C. Booske, John Paoloni, Claudio Gensch, M. Weightman, P. Williams, G. P. Castro-Camus, E. Cumming, D. R. S. Simoens, F. Escorcia-Carranza, I. Grant, J. Lucyszyn, Stepan Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto Konishi, Kuniaki Koch, Martin Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Cocker, Tyler L. Huber, Rupert Markelz, A. G. Taylor, Z. D. Wallace, Vincent P. Zeitler, J. Axel Sibik, Juraj Korter, Timothy M. Ellison, B. Rea, S. Goldsmith, P. Cooper, Ken B. Appleby, Roger Pardo, D. Huggard, P. G. Krozer, V. Shams, Haymen Fice, Martyn Renaud, Cyril Seeds, Alwyn Stoehr, Andreas Naftaly, Mira Ridler, Nick Clarke, Roland Cunningham, John E. Johnston, Michael B.&lt;br/&gt;Huggard, Peter/U-2150-2019; Konishi, Kuniaki/AAN-3624-2020; Zeitler, J. Axel/B-4885-2008; Paoloni, Claudio/AAH-9824-2019; Hoffmann, Matthias C./N-1082-2019; Wallace, Vincent P/A-9320-2012; Johnston, Michael/B-9813-2008; Castro-Camus, Enrique/V-6861-2019; Krozer, Viktor/P-5623-2014; Hoffmann, Matthias C/B-3893-2009; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/AAA-3211-2020; Gonokami, Makoto/F-3641-2012; Shams, Haymen/H-3754-2012; Ridler, Nick/AAN-9637-2020; Huber, Rupert/N-4126-2018&lt;br/&gt;Konishi, Kuniaki/0000-0003-2389-9787; Zeitler, J. Axel/0000-0002-4958-0582; Hoffmann, Matthias C./0000-0002-3596-9853; Wallace, Vincent P/0000-0003-3814-5400; Johnston, Michael/0000-0002-0301-8033; Krozer, Viktor/0000-0002-2387-1947; Hoffmann, Matthias C/0000-0002-3596-9853; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-0265-0862; Shams, Haymen/0000-0002-5333-6478; Huber, Rupert/0000-0001-6617-9283; Davies, Alexander/0000-0002-1987-4846; Seeds, Alwyn/0000-0002-5228-627X; Castro-Camus, Enrique/0000-0002-8218-9155; Cunningham, John/0000-0002-1805-9743; Naftaly, Mira/0000-0002-0671-822X; Cumming, David/0000-0002-7838-8362&lt;br/&gt;Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)Engineering &amp; Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/P015883/1, EP/M00306X/1, EP/K023349/1, EP/M017095/1, EP/L026597/1, EP/J017671/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Natural Environment Research CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)NERC Natural Environment Research Council [NER/Z/S/2003/00642, NE/L012375/1, NER/Z/S/2000/01292] Funding Source: researchfish; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)Science &amp; Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P002056/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Direct For Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Biological InfrastructureNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Molecular and Cellular BioscienceNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1616529] Funding Source: National Science Foundation&lt;br/&gt;566&lt;br/&gt;30&lt;br/&gt;462&lt;br/&gt;Iop publishing ltd&lt;br/&gt;Bristol&lt;br/&gt;1361-6463</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">043001</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Dhillon, S. S.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Pierre Aigrain, Sorbonne Paris Cite,Ecole Normale Super,PSL Res U, F-75231 Paris, France. [Vitiello, M. S.] CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Vitiello, M. S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Linfield, E. H.|Davies, A. G.|Cunningham, John E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hoffmann, Matthias C.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Booske, John] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Elect &amp; Comp Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Paoloni, Claudio] Univ Lancaster, Dept Engn, Lancaster, England. [Gensch, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Radiat Phys, Bautzner Landstr 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Weightman, P.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Williams, G. P.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave Suite 21, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Castro-Camus, E.] Ctr Invest Opt AC, Loma Bosque 115, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. [Cumming, D. R. S.|Escorcia-Carranza, I.|Grant, J.] Glasgow, Sch Engn, Microsyst Technol Grp, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland. [Simoens, F.] CEA Leti MINATEC, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Lucyszyn, Stepan] Imperial Coll London, Dept EEE, Ctr Terahertz Sci &amp; Engn, London, England. [Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto|Konishi, Kuniaki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Koch, Martin] Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Koch, Martin] Philipps Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, 225 Prospect St,POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.] Yale Univ, Energy Sci Inst, 225 Prospect St,POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Cocker, Tyler L.|Huber, Rupert] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt &amp; Angew Phys, Univ Str 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Markelz, A. G.] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14620 USA. [Taylor, Z. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wallace, Vincent P.] Univ Western Australia M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Zeitler, J. Axel|Sibik, Juraj] Magnet Resonance Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, JJ Thompson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Korter, Timothy M.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, 1-014 CST,111 Coll Pl, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ellison, B.|Rea, S.|Pardo, D.|Huggard, P. G.] RAL Space, STFC, Millimetre Wave Technol Grp, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Goldsmith, P.] Jet Prop Lab, M-S 180-703,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cooper, Ken B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Appleby, Roger] Innovasec Ltd, 212b West Malvern Rd, Malvern WR14 4BA, Worcs, England. [Krozer, V.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Goethe Leibniz Terahertz Ctr, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany. [Shams, Haymen|Fice, Martyn|Renaud, Cyril|Seeds, Alwyn] UCL, Dept Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England. [Stoehr, Andreas] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Engn, Dept Optoelect, Lotharstr 55, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Naftaly, Mira|Ridler, Nick] Natl Phys Lab, Div Time Quantum &amp; Electromagnet, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Clarke, Roland] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Johnston, Michael B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.&lt;br/&gt;Cunningham, JE (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.|Johnston, MB (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.&lt;br/&gt;enrique@cio.mx|david.cumming.2@glasgow.ac.uk|J.E.Cunningham@leeds.ac.uk|michael.johnston@physics.ox.ac.uk</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michki, N. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escaping the Water Cage: Protein Intramolecular Vibrations and the Dynamical Transition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318A-318A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000402375600574</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: EW3DR&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 0&lt;br/&gt;Xu, Mengyang Niessen, Katherine A. Deng, Yanting Michki, Nigel S. Markelz, Andrea G.&lt;br/&gt;58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Feb 15-19, 2014&lt;br/&gt;San Francisco, CA&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 1556359, MCB 1616529]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]&lt;br/&gt;This work was supported by NSF (DBI 1556359 and MCB 1616529), and DOE DE-SC0016317.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;7&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Xu, Mengyang|Niessen, Katherine A.|Deng, Yanting|Michki, Nigel S.|Markelz, Andrea G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blankenship, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Picosecond Structural Dynamics of Orange Carotenoid Protein in Photo/Chemical Activated Signaling States</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS 2017 S4.002</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2017.MAR.S4.2</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Yanting</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, Edward H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Importance of Protein Vibration Directionality on Function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb 3</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">353A-353A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000402375600746</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, Edward/G-2055-2018&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/0000-0001-8714-3191&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Feb 15-19, 2014&lt;br/&gt;San Francisco, CA&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paciaroni, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orecchini, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, Edward H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moving in the right direction: protein vibrations steering function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">933-942</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, H. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blankenship, R. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orange Carotenoid Protein Picosecond Dynamics Changes with Photo and Chemical Activation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">441A-441A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000402375700177</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: EW3DS&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 3&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     King JD, 2014, FEBS LETT, V588, P4561, DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.024&lt;br/&gt;     Wilson A, 2006, PLANT CELL, V18, P992, DOI 10.1105/tpc.105.040121&lt;br/&gt;     Wilson A, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P12075, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0804636105&lt;br/&gt;Deng, Yanting Xu, Mengyang Liu, Haijun Blankenship, Robert E. Markelz, Andrea G.&lt;br/&gt;58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Feb 15-19, 2014&lt;br/&gt;San Francisco, CA&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;Liu, Haijun/0000-0003-0537-0302&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;14&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Deng, Yanting|Xu, Mengyang|Markelz, Andrea G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Liu, Haijun|Blankenship, Robert E.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Liu, Haijun|Blankenship, Robert E.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myles, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blankenship, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature dependence of phonons in photosynthesis proteins</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS 2017 S4.003</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2017.MAR.S4.3</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michki, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anisotropic Absorption Measurements Reveal Protein Dynamical Transition in Intramolecular Vibrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4673-8485-8</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Modeling has predicted that intramolecular structural vibrations enables proteins to access functionally important structural change. We show that the vibrational density of states and the isotropic absorption in the terahertz range are only weakly dependent on the protein functional state for several bench marking proteins. At the same time the direction of motions changes dramatically with functional state and with a resulting impact on the anisotropic absorption. Our anisotropic THz microscopy (ATM) measurements confirm this sensitivity. Here we apply the technique to the question of whether the protein dynamical transition (DT) is important to protein function. We find a strong anisotropic resonance at 70 cm(-1) rapidly increases in strength at temperatures above the DT. As these intramolecular vibrations enable protein structure to change conformation, the results suggest function will cease below DT for those proteins that require large scale conformational change.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000391406200009</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BG7KC&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 4&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen K., 2015, BIOPHYSICAL REV&lt;br/&gt;     PETHIG R, 1995, PROTEIN SOLVENT INTE, P265&lt;br/&gt;     RUPLEY JA, 1991, ADV PROTEIN CHEM, V41, P37&lt;br/&gt;Xu, Mengyang Niessen, Katherine Michki, Nigel Deng, Yanting Snell, Edward Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Sep 25-30, 2016&lt;br/&gt;Copenhagen, DENMARK&lt;br/&gt;DTU, IEEE, QMC Instruments, Danish Ctr Laser Infrastructure, DTU Fotonik, Dept Photon Engn, ARL, Carl Sberg Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Tech Univ Denmark, IEEE Microwave Theory &amp; Tech Soc, Azpect Photon, Ekspla, Hubner HF Syst Engn, I2S, Laser Quantum, Menlo Syst, Neaspec, Springer, TeraView, Virginia Diodes&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/G-2055-2018&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/0000-0001-8714-3191&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Xu, Mengyang|Niessen, Katherine|Michki, Nigel|Deng, Yanting|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Snell, Edward] Hauptman Woodward Med Res Inst, Buffalo, NY USA.&lt;br/&gt;Xu, MY (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Yanting</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Marius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct Measurements of the Long-Range Collective Vibrations of Photoactive Yellow Protein</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30th Anniversary Symposium of The Protein Society</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pro.3026</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baltimore MD</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Long-range collective vibrations are thought to be crucial to protein functions. In the case of photoactive protein family, modeling suggests the intramolecular vibrations provide an efficient means of energy relaxation[1], feedback for enhancement of chromophore vibrations that promote structural transitions[2] and can assist in charge energy transfer[3]. As a paradigm of this family, photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is a cytoplasmic photocycling protein related to negative phototactic response to blue light in purple photosynthetic bacteria. PYP has a p-coumaric acid chromophore binding to the cysteine residue via a thioester bond, whose vibrations were found to overlap calculated vibrations of the protein scaffold. Using our unique technique of anisotropic terahertz microscopy(ATM)[4], we measure the intramolecular vibrations for PYP for the first time, including cycling between ground and blue shift (pB) states. Room temperature ATM measurements are performed in the dark and with continuous wave illumination at 488nm, resulting in a steady pB state with approximately 5% population conversion. In pB state, we find an overall decrease in the strength of resonant band in frequency range of 30-60 cm-1. Our calculated spectra using quasi-harmonic analysis indicate that our measurements are dominated by the protein vibrations, rather than the pCA chromophore, allowing us to characterize how the scaffold dynamics changes with functional states and mutations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;1. Levantino, M., et al. Nat Commun, 2015. 6.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;2. Mataga, N., et al. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2002. 352(3-4): p. 220-225.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;3. Fokas, A.S., et al. Photosynth. Res., 2014. 122&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bae, C. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modulated orientation-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photonics Research</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photonics Res.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photonics Res.Photonics Res.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">absorption-spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">enzyme catalysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">low-frequency modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neutron-scattering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perspective</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polarization modulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A1-A8</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2327-9125</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Intramolecular vibrations of large macromolecules reside in the terahertz range. In particular, protein vibrations are closely spaced in frequency, resulting in a nearly continuous vibrational density of states. This density of vibrations interferes with the identification of specific absorption lines and their subsequent association with specific functional motions. This challenge is compounded with the absorption being dominated by the solvent and local relaxational motions. A strategy for removing the isotropic relaxational loss and isolating specific vibrations is to use aligned samples and polarization-sensitive measurements. Here, we demonstrate a technique to rapidly attain the anisotropic resonant absorbance using terahertz time domain spectroscopy and a spinning sample. The technique, modulated orientation-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy (MOSTS), has a nonzero signal only for anisotropic samples, as demonstrated by a comparison between a silicon wafer and a wire grid polarizer. For sucrose and oxalic acid molecular crystals, the MOSTS response is in agreement with modeled results for the intermolecular vibrations. Further, we demonstrate that, even in the presence of a large relaxational background, MOSTS isolates underlying vibrational resonances. (C) 2016 Chinese Laser Press&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000376658500001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: DM9BJ&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 6&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 40&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Aguilar RV, 2012, PHYS REV LETT, V108, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.087403&lt;br/&gt;     Aschaffenburg DJ, 2012, APPL PHYS LETT, V100, DOI 10.1063/1.4729148&lt;br/&gt;     Bahar I, 2005, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V15, P586, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.007&lt;br/&gt;     Benkovic SJ, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P1196, DOI 10.1126/science.1085515&lt;br/&gt;     Boehr DD, 2006, CHEM REV, V106, P3055, DOI 10.1021/cr050312q&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Chen Q, 1999, APPL PHYS LETT, V74, P3435, DOI 10.1063/1.124119&lt;br/&gt;     Daniel RM, 2003, ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM, V32, P69, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.32.110601.142445&lt;br/&gt;     Diehl M, 1997, BIOPHYS J, V73, P2726, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78301-2&lt;br/&gt;     Ebbinghaus S, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P20749, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0709207104&lt;br/&gt;     Falconer RJ, 2012, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V33, P973, DOI 10.1007/s10762-012-9915-9&lt;br/&gt;     Fan ST, 2014, J PHYS D APPL PHYS, V47, DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/37/374009&lt;br/&gt;     Frauenfelder H, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P15469, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0607168103&lt;br/&gt;     Gabel F, 2002, Q REV BIOPHYS, V35, P327, DOI 10.1017/S0033583502003840&lt;br/&gt;     George DK, 2012, J OPT SOC AM B, V29, P1406, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.29.001406&lt;br/&gt;     Giraud G, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1903, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74618-9&lt;br/&gt;     Hammes GG, 2011, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V50, P10422, DOI 10.1021/bi201486f&lt;br/&gt;     Jackson J.D., 1975, CLASSICAL ELECTRODYN&lt;br/&gt;     Jenkins GS, 2010, REV SCI INSTRUM, V81, DOI 10.1063/1.3480554&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2007, CHEM PHYS LETT, V442, P275, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.05.112&lt;br/&gt;     Karplus M, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P6679, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408930102&lt;br/&gt;     Kim SJ, 2008, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V47, P6486, DOI 10.1002/anie.200802281&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P10373, DOI 10.1021/jp960141g&lt;br/&gt;     King MD, 2010, J PHYS CHEM A, V114, P7127, DOI 10.1021/jp101935n&lt;br/&gt;     Kroll J, 2007, VIB SPECTROSC, V43, P324, DOI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2006.03.010&lt;br/&gt;     Leitner DM, 2008, HFSP J, V2, P314, DOI 10.2976/1.2976661&lt;br/&gt;     Li M, 2011, OPT LETT, V36, P3633, DOI 10.1364/OL.36.003633&lt;br/&gt;     Liu D, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V101, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.135501&lt;br/&gt;     Niessen Katherine A, 2015, Biophys Rev, V7, P201, DOI 10.1007/s12551-015-0168-4&lt;br/&gt;     PETHIG R, 1995, PROTEIN SOLVENT INTE, P265&lt;br/&gt;     Planken PCM, 2001, J OPT SOC AM B, V18, P313, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000313&lt;br/&gt;     Rheinstadter MC, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V103, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.128104&lt;br/&gt;     RUPLEY JA, 1991, ADV PROTEIN CHEM, V41, P37&lt;br/&gt;     Singh R, 2012, J PHYS CHEM A, V116, P10359, DOI 10.1021/jp307288r&lt;br/&gt;     TORGESEN JL, 1964, SCIENCE, V146, P53, DOI 10.1126/science.146.3640.53&lt;br/&gt;     Vinh NQ, 2011, J AM CHEM SOC, V133, P8942, DOI 10.1021/ja200566u&lt;br/&gt;     Walther M, 2003, CHEM PHYS, V288, P261, DOI 10.1016/S0301-0104(03)00031-4&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2006, J PHYS CHEM B, V110, P24255, DOI 10.1021/jp064830w&lt;br/&gt;     Yasumatsu N, 2012, REV SCI INSTRUM, V83, DOI 10.1063/1.3683570&lt;br/&gt;Singh, Rohit George, Deepu Koshy Bae, Chejin Niessen, K. A. Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705&lt;br/&gt;National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI2959989]; University at Buffalo (UB) [1126960-1-68255]; Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)United States Department of Energy (DOE)Los Alamos National Laboratory [1125895-1-71842]; Direct For Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Biological InfrastructureNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation&lt;br/&gt;National Science Foundation (NSF) (DBI2959989); University at Buffalo (UB) (Holm Fund 1126960-1-68255); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) (Molecular Crystal Studies 1125895-1-71842).&lt;br/&gt;6&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;26&lt;br/&gt;Optical soc amer&lt;br/&gt;Washington</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Singh, Rohit] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys &amp; Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [George, Deepu Koshy] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bae, Chejin] Univ Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Niessen, K. A.|Markelz, A. G.] Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Yanting</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michki, Nigel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, Edward</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> The Role of Dynamical Transition in Protein Function: Coupling of Protein Collective Vibrations and Water Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30th Anniversary Symposium of The Protein Society</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pro.3026</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baltimore, MD</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Computational simulations have revealed protein collective vibrations prompt structural rearrangements to accomplish biological function. However, the biological importance of collective vibrations has not been experimentally demonstrated. The attempts have been hampered by the inability to distinguish localized water or side-chain relaxational motions from protein long-range vibrations using conventional techniques. The dynamical transition (DT), extensively observed using X-ray, neutron scattering, NMR and terahertz techniques [1,2], describes a rapid increase in the temperature-dependent dynamics of critically hydrated proteins above ∼220 K, and has been attributed to thermally activated solvent motions. While some proteins lose function below the specific temperature, others do not. We suggest the difference arises from the nature of the required motions for function. Specifically, functional motions enabled by long-range vibrations will be vulnerable to DT, which require surrounding solvent to be sufficiently mobile. We explored the coupling of protein vibrations to solvent dynamics by applying a recently developed technique, anisotropy terahertz microscopy [3], to directly measure the collective vibrations for lysozyme and investigate the temperature dependence in 150-300 K range. We find long-range intramolecular vibrations occur at 220K and rapidly increase in strength with increasing temperature, consistent with enhanced access above the DT. The results suggest collective vibrations are slaved to DT, and those proteins with function reliant on these motions will cease function below DT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;1. Doster,W., et al. Phys.Rev.Lett., 2010.104(9):098101.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;2. Niessen,K., et al. Biophys.Rev., 2015.7,201.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;3. Acbas,G., et al. Nat.Commun., 2014.5,3076.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz optical measurements of correlated motions with possible allosteric function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-216</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1867-2450</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A suggested mechanism for allosteric response is the distortion of the energy landscape with agonist binding changing the protein structure&#039;s access to functional configurations. Intramolecular vibrations are indicative of the energy landscape and may have trajectories that enable functional conformational change. Here, we discuss the development of an optical method to measure the intramolecular vibrations in proteins, namely, crystal anisotropy terahertz microscopy, and the various approaches which can be used to identify the spectral data with specific structural motions.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDLINE:28510171</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Optical Measurements of Correlated Motions with Possible Allosteric Function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5425745/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201–216</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measurements and Calculations of Protein Intramolecular Vibrations in the THz Range</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">charmm</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4799-3877-3</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report the calculations and measurements of intramolecular vibrational modes and their dependence on inhibitor binding in the THz range. We see an increase in anisotropic THz absorption at low frequency with inhibitor binding in both the measurements and calculations. This surprising result suggests an increase in flexibility with binding. We will discuss the possible reasons for this discrepancy.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000378889200091</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BF0IL&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 13&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2014, NAT COMMUN, V5, DOI 10.1038/ncomms4076&lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103&lt;br/&gt;     Best RB, 2012, J CHEM THEORY COMPUT, V8, P3257, DOI 10.1021/ct300400x&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1983, J COMPUT CHEM, V4, P187, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540040211&lt;br/&gt;     BRUCCOLERI RE, 1986, BIOPOLYMERS, V25, P1767, DOI 10.1002/bip.360250916&lt;br/&gt;     CHEETHAM JC, 1992, J MOL BIOL, V224, P613, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90548-X&lt;br/&gt;     Dong J, 1999, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D, V55, P745, DOI 10.1107/S0907444998016047&lt;br/&gt;     Guo JN, 2014, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V53, P2855, DOI 10.1021/bi500238q&lt;br/&gt;     Hammes-Schiffer S, 2006, ANNU REV BIOCHEM, V75, P519, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142800&lt;br/&gt;     Henzler-Wildman KA, 2007, NATURE, V450, P838, DOI 10.1038/nature06410&lt;br/&gt;     Jo S, 2008, J COMPUT CHEM, V29, P1859, DOI 10.1002/jcc.20945&lt;br/&gt;     PERUTZ MF, 1970, NATURE, V228, P726, DOI 10.1038/228726a0&lt;br/&gt;     TEETER MM, 1990, J PHYS CHEM-US, V94, P8091, DOI 10.1021/j100384a021&lt;br/&gt;Niessen, Katherine A. Snell, Edward Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Sep 14-19, 2014&lt;br/&gt;Tucson, AZ&lt;br/&gt;THORLABS, Tydex, TOPTICA Photon, Bruker, Gentec EO, Lake Shore Cryotron, Ekspla, Zomega, TeraSense, Insight Product, Emcore, QMC Instruments, TeraView, NeaSpec, Advantest, MenloSystems, Traycer, Microtech Instruments Inc, LongWave Photon, Virginia Diodes Inc, ASU, MTT S, Journal Infrared Millimeter &amp; Tera Hertz Waves, Tera Hertz Sci &amp; Technol, Army Res Off&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/G-2055-2018&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/0000-0001-8714-3191&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Niessen, Katherine A.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Snell, Edward|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Hauptman Woodward Med Res Inst, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Snell, Edward|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Dept Biol Struct, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Niessen, KA (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acbas, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optical measurements of long-range protein vibrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Communications</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat. Commun.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">absorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crystals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frequency raman-spectra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science &amp; Technology - Other Topics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sensitivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2041-1723</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Protein biological function depends on structural flexibility and change. From cellular communication through membrane ion channels to oxygen uptake and delivery by haemoglobin, structural changes are critical. It has been suggested that vibrations that extend through the protein play a crucial role in controlling these structural changes. While nature may utilize such long-range vibrations for optimization of biological processes, bench-top characterization of these extended structural motions for engineered biochemistry has been elusive. Here we show the first optical observation of long-range protein vibrational modes. This is achieved by orientation-sensitive terahertz near-field microscopy measurements of chicken egg white lysozyme single crystals. Underdamped modes are found to exist for frequencies &amp;gt;10 cm(-1). The existence of these persisting motions indicates that damping and intermode coupling are weaker than previously assumed. The methodology developed permits protein engineering based on dynamical network optimization.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000331084200018</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: AA4RQ&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 101&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 48&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     AUSTIN RH, 1989, PHYS REV LETT, V62, P1912, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1912&lt;br/&gt;     Bahar I, 2005, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V15, P586, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.007&lt;br/&gt;     Balabin IA, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P114, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5489.114&lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103&lt;br/&gt;     Barth A, 2002, Q REV BIOPHYS, V35, P369, DOI 10.1017/S0033583502003815&lt;br/&gt;     Benkovic SJ, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P1196, DOI 10.1126/science.1085515&lt;br/&gt;     Brooks BR, 2009, J COMPUT CHEM, V30, P1545, DOI 10.1002/jcc.21287&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1983, J COMPUT CHEM, V4, P187, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540040211&lt;br/&gt;     Brooks CL, 1988, PROTEINS THEORETICAL&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2748852&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Ding T, 2012, VIB SPECTROSC, V61, P144, DOI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2012.02.020&lt;br/&gt;     GENZEL L, 1976, BIOPOLYMERS, V15, P219, DOI 10.1002/bip.1976.360150115&lt;br/&gt;     George DK, 2013, IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN, V3, P288, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2256233&lt;br/&gt;     GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1990, J OPT SOC AM B, V7, P2006, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.7.002006&lt;br/&gt;     Hafner J, 2011, J CHEM PHYS, V135, DOI 10.1063/1.3646312&lt;br/&gt;     Hammes GG, 2002, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V41, P8221, DOI 10.1021/bi0260839&lt;br/&gt;     He YF, 2011, BIOPHYS J, V100, P1058, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3731&lt;br/&gt;     KACHALOVA GS, 1991, FEBS LETT, V284, P91, DOI 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80769-Y&lt;br/&gt;     Karplus M, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P6679, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408930102&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     Knab JR, 2010, APPL PHYS LETT, V97, DOI 10.1063/1.3467192&lt;br/&gt;     LEVY RM, 1984, J PHYS CHEM-US, V88, P4233, DOI 10.1021/j150663a009&lt;br/&gt;     Lipps F, 2012, PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS, V14, P6375, DOI 10.1039/c2cp23760a&lt;br/&gt;     Liu D, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V101, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.135501&lt;br/&gt;     MacKerell AD, 1998, J PHYS CHEM B, V102, P3586, DOI 10.1021/jp973084f&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2008, IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT, V14, P180, DOI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.913424&lt;br/&gt;     Meinhold L, 2007, PHYS REV LETT, V99, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.138101&lt;br/&gt;     Meinhold L, 2007, PROTEINS, V66, P941, DOI 10.1002/prot.21246&lt;br/&gt;     Mittleman D.M., 2003, SENSING TERAHERTZ RA&lt;br/&gt;     MOELLER KD, 1992, BIOPHYS J, V61, P276, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(92)81834-9&lt;br/&gt;     Perutz MF, 1998, ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM, V27, P1, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.27.1.1&lt;br/&gt;     Planken PCM, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P975, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9824-3&lt;br/&gt;     Rheinstadter MC, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V103, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.128104&lt;br/&gt;     Sakai K., 2005, TERAHERTZ OPTOELECTR&lt;br/&gt;     Schumacher M, 2002, NATURE, V417, P501, DOI 10.1038/417501a&lt;br/&gt;     Siegrist K, 2006, J AM CHEM SOC, V128, P5764, DOI 10.1021/ja058176u&lt;br/&gt;     Singh R, 2012, J PHYS CHEM A, V116, P10359, DOI 10.1021/jp307288r&lt;br/&gt;     SMITH J, 1990, J CHEM PHYS, V93, P2974, DOI 10.1063/1.458885&lt;br/&gt;     SMITH JC, 1991, Q REV BIOPHYS, V24, P227, DOI 10.1017/S0033583500003723&lt;br/&gt;     TEETER MM, 1990, J PHYS CHEM-US, V94, P8091, DOI 10.1021/j100384a021&lt;br/&gt;     TIDOR B, 1994, J MOL BIOL, V238, P405, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1300&lt;br/&gt;     Tych KM, 2011, J APPL CRYSTALLOGR, V44, P129, DOI 10.1107/S0021889810043372&lt;br/&gt;     Urabe H, 1998, BIOPHYS J, V74, P1533, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77865-8&lt;br/&gt;     Walther M, 2003, CHEM PHYS, V288, P261, DOI 10.1016/S0301-0104(03)00031-4&lt;br/&gt;     WU Q, 1995, APPL PHYS LETT, V67, P3523, DOI 10.1063/1.114909&lt;br/&gt;     Xie AH, 2002, PHYS REV LETT, V88, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.018102&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2006, J PHYS CHEM B, V110, P24255, DOI 10.1021/jp064830w&lt;br/&gt;Acbas, Gheorghe Niessen, Katherine A. Snell, Edward H. Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/G-2055-2018&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/0000-0001-8714-3191; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;National Science Foundation MRIboolean AND2 grant [DBI2959989]&lt;br/&gt;We thank Yunfen He and Benjamin Keen for their assistance with calculations. All calculations performed using facilities provided by The Center for Computational Research, SUNY, Buffalo. We thank the National Science Foundation MRI boolean AND 2 grant DBI2959989 for support.&lt;br/&gt;101&lt;br/&gt;4&lt;br/&gt;108&lt;br/&gt;Nature publishing group&lt;br/&gt;London</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3076</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Acbas, Gheorghe|Niessen, Katherine A.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Snell, Edward H.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Hauptman Woodward Med Res Inst, Dept Biol Struct, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, 239 Fronczak Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, M. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jimenez, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Probing the Stability of Fluorescent Proteins by Terahertz Spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4799-3877-3</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The higher transmission through tissues of long wavelength light motivates the development of fluorescent proteins with excitation shifted to the red. However red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) are more susceptible to photobleaching than their shorter wavelength counterparts. In particular RFPs are more susceptible to photobleaching [1]. A possible reason for this is a decrease in the structural stability of the beta barrel. Measurements of structural stability include atomic root mean squared displacement &amp;lt;x(2)&amp;gt; measured by the X-ray B-factor and neutron quasi elastic scattering. To date, X-ray measurements of RFP&#039;s do not indicate a structural stability change and systematic scattering studies have not been performed. Using THz dielectric response we examine if the picosecond structural flexibility decreases with increasing FP stability.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000378889200449</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BF0IL&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 7&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Dean KM, 2011, BIOPHYS J, V101, P961, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.06.055&lt;br/&gt;     He YF, 2011, BIOPHYS J, V100, P1058, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3731&lt;br/&gt;     Helms V, 2007, CHEMPHYSCHEM, V8, P23, DOI 10.1002/cphc.200600298&lt;br/&gt;     Leu BM, 2008, BIOPHYS J, V95, P5874, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.108.138198&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2007, CHEM PHYS LETT, V442, P413, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.05.080&lt;br/&gt;     Nagy A, 2004, THERMOCHIM ACTA, V410, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00397-6&lt;br/&gt;     Zaccai G, 2000, SCIENCE, V288, P1604, DOI 10.1126/science.288.5471.1604&lt;br/&gt;Xu, Mengyang George, D. K. Jimenez, R. Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Sep 14-19, 2014&lt;br/&gt;Tucson, AZ&lt;br/&gt;THORLABS, Tydex, TOPTICA Photon, Bruker, Gentec EO, Lake Shore Cryotron, Ekspla, Zomega, TeraSense, Insight Product, Emcore, QMC Instruments, TeraView, NeaSpec, Advantest, MenloSystems, Traycer, Microtech Instruments Inc, LongWave Photon, Virginia Diodes Inc, ASU, MTT S, Journal Infrared Millimeter &amp; Tera Hertz Waves, Tera Hertz Sci &amp; Technol, Army Res Off&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Xu, Mengyang|George, D. K.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Xu, MY (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein Dielectric Response at Terahertz Frequencies: Correlated and Diffusive Contributions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Biomedical Science and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor and Francis </style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">edited by Joo Huik Son </style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acbas, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elezzabi, A. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Song, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsen, K. T.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring phonons in protein crystals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics Xvii</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of SPIE</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correlated motions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mode</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular crystals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular vibrations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">normal modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phonons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellingham</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8623</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-0-8194-9392-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Using Terahertz near field microscopy we find orientation dependent narrow band absorption features for lysozyme crystals. Here we discuss identification of protein collective modes associated with the observed features. Using normal mode calculations we find good agreement with several of the measured features, suggesting that the modes arise from internal molecular motions and not crystal phonons. Such internal modes have been associated with protein function.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000322829300003</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BGG42&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 5&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Bahar I, 2005, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V15, P586, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.007&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS B, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P4995, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4995&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1983, J COMPUT CHEM, V4, P187, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540040211&lt;br/&gt;     Karplus M, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P6679, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408930102&lt;br/&gt;     Planken PCM, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P975, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9824-3&lt;br/&gt;Acbas, Gheorghe Niessen, Katherine A. George, Deepu K. Snell, Edward Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XVII&lt;br/&gt;Feb 03-06, 2013&lt;br/&gt;San Francisco, CA&lt;br/&gt;SPIE, Femtolasers Inc&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/G-2055-2018; George, Deepu/J-9882-2014&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/0000-0001-8714-3191; George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;National Science Foundation MRI2 [DBI2959989]&lt;br/&gt;We thank the National Science Foundation MRI2 grant DBI2959989 for support.&lt;br/&gt;1000 20th st, po box 10, bellingham, wa 98227-0010 usa&lt;br/&gt;0277-786x&lt;br/&gt;862305</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Acbas, Gheorghe|Niessen, Katherine A.|George, Deepu K.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Snell, Edward] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Struct Biol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Acbas, G (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Deepu K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumauchi, Masato</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, Robert R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoff, Wouter D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photoactive yellow protein terahertz response: hydration, heating and intermediate states</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">288-294</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2156-342X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Spectroscopy of Liquids and Biomolecules</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berlin-Heidelberg</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-250</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional State Dependence of Picosecond Protein Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arXiv:1105.4425</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://arxiv.org/0054394</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipps, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Levy, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydration and temperature interdependence of protein picosecond dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dielectric-relaxation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluctuations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inelastic neutron-scattering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">myoglobin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">percolation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terahertz beams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6375-6381</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1463-9076</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We investigate the nature of the solvent motions giving rise to the rapid temperature dependence of protein picoseconds motions at 220 K, often referred to as the protein dynamical transition. The interdependence of picoseconds dynamics on hydration and temperature is examined using terahertz time domain spectroscopy to measure the complex permittivity in the 0.2-2.0 THz range for myoglobin. Both the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity over the frequency range measured have a strong temperature dependence at &amp;gt;0.27 h (g water per g protein), however the permittivity change is strongest for frequencies &amp;lt;1 THz. The temperature dependence of the real part of the permittivity is not consistent with the relaxational response of the bound water, and may reflect the low frequency protein structural vibrations slaved to the solvent excitations. The hydration necessary to observe the dynamical transition is found to be frequency dependent, with a critical hydration of 0.19 h for frequencies &amp;gt;1 THz, and 0.27 h for frequencies &amp;lt;1 THz. The data are consistent with the dynamical transition solvent fluctuations requiring only clusters of similar to 5 water molecules, whereas the enhancement of lowest frequency motions requires a fully spanning water network.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000302951500029</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 928AI&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 25&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 39&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Bonvicini D, 1998, IEEE T DIELECT EL IN, V5, P33, DOI 10.1109/94.660757&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1983, J COMPUT CHEM, V4, P187, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540040211&lt;br/&gt;     Brovchenko I, 2008, CHEMPHYSCHEM, V9, P2695, DOI 10.1002/cphc.200800662&lt;br/&gt;     Chen G, 2008, PHILOS MAG, V88, P3877, DOI 10.1080/14786430802585117&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Chen SH, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P9012, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0602474103&lt;br/&gt;     Ding T, 2011, J PHYS CHEM A, V115, P11559, DOI 10.1021/jp200553d&lt;br/&gt;     Doster W, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V104, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.098101&lt;br/&gt;     DOSTER W, 1989, NATURE, V337, P754, DOI 10.1038/337754a0&lt;br/&gt;     Doster W, 2010, BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM, V1804, P3, DOI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.06.019&lt;br/&gt;     Ebbinghaus S, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P20749, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0709207104&lt;br/&gt;     Frauenfelder H, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P8615, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1633688100&lt;br/&gt;     GASCOYNE PRC, 1977, J CHEM SOC FARAD T 1, V73, P171, DOI 10.1039/f19777300171&lt;br/&gt;     GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1990, J OPT SOC AM B, V7, P2006, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.7.002006&lt;br/&gt;     HARVEY SC, 1972, J PHYS CHEM-US, V76, P2987, DOI 10.1021/j100665a011&lt;br/&gt;     He YF, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V101, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.178103&lt;br/&gt;     Kauzmann W, 1942, REV MOD PHYS, V14, P0012, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.14.12&lt;br/&gt;     Khodadadi S, 2010, BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM, V1804, P15, DOI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.05.006&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     Makarov VA, 2000, BIOPHYS J, V79, P2966, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76533-7&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2008, IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT, V14, P180, DOI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.913424&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2007, CHEM PHYS LETT, V442, P413, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.05.080&lt;br/&gt;     Oleinikova A, 2005, PHYS REV LETT, V95, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.247802&lt;br/&gt;     Oleinikova A, 2005, J PHYS CHEM B, V109, P1988, DOI 10.1021/jp045903j&lt;br/&gt;     Oleinikova A, 2006, MOL PHYS, V104, P3841, DOI 10.1080/00268970601108229&lt;br/&gt;     Paciaroni A, 2008, PHILOS MAG, V88, P4071, DOI 10.1080/14786430802464263&lt;br/&gt;     Parak FG, 2003, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V13, P552, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2003.09.004&lt;br/&gt;     Pawlus S, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V100, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.108103&lt;br/&gt;     Roh JH, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V91, P2573, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.106.082214&lt;br/&gt;     Roh JH, 2009, BIOPHYS J, V96, P2755, DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3895&lt;br/&gt;     Roh JH, 2005, PHYS REV LETT, V95, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.038101&lt;br/&gt;     RUPLEY JA, 1991, ADV PROTEIN CHEM, V41, P37&lt;br/&gt;     Schiro G, 2011, J PHYS CHEM LETT, V2, P2275, DOI 10.1021/jz200797g&lt;br/&gt;     Shen YC, 2003, APPL PHYS LETT, V82, P2350, DOI 10.1063/1.1565680&lt;br/&gt;     Soderholm S, 2000, J RAMAN SPECTROSC, V31, P995, DOI 10.1002/1097-4555(200011)31:11&lt;995::AID-JRS634&gt;3.0.CO;2-L&lt;br/&gt;     Whitmire SE, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1269, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74562-7&lt;br/&gt;     WU Q, 1995, APPL PHYS LETT, V67, P3523, DOI 10.1063/1.114909&lt;br/&gt;     Zaccai G, 2000, SCIENCE, V288, P1604, DOI 10.1126/science.288.5471.1604&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang CF, 2006, J PHYS CHEM B, V110, P23607, DOI 10.1021/jp063545+&lt;br/&gt;Lipps, Ferdinand Levy, Seth Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;26&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;66&lt;br/&gt;Royal soc chemistry&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1463-9084</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Levy, Seth|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lipps, Ferdinand] IFW Dresden, Leibniz Inst Solid State &amp; Mat Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;f.lipps@ifw-dresden.de|sethlevy@buffalo.edu|amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, Rohit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Deepu Koshy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benedict, Jason B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korter, Timothy M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improved mode assignment for molecular crystals through anisotropic terahertz spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Journal of Physical Chemistry A</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10359-10364</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1089-5639</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellis, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stier, A. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tischler, J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glaser, E. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myers-Ward, R. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tedesco, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eddy, C. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaskill, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-component response in multilayer graphene revealed through terahertz and infrared magneto-spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wollongong, Australia</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acbas, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orientation Sensitive Terahertz Resonances Observed in Protein Crystals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mode</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4673-1597-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A method is presented for measuring anisotropic THz response for small crystals, Crystal Anisotropy Terahertz Microscopy (CATM). Sucrose CATM measurements find the expected anisotropic phonon resonances. CATM measurements of protein crystals find the expected broadband water absorption is suppressed and strong orientation and hydration dependent resonant features.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000330301800120</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BJT74&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 1&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 15&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Arora K, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P18496, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0706443104&lt;br/&gt;     Bahar I, 2005, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V15, P586, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.007&lt;br/&gt;     Balu R, 2008, BIOPHYS J, V94, P3217, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.107.105163&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS B, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P4995, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4995&lt;br/&gt;     Goodey NM, 2008, NAT CHEM BIOL, V4, P474, DOI 10.1038/nchembio.98&lt;br/&gt;     Hammes-Schiffer S, 2006, ANNU REV BIOCHEM, V75, P519, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142800&lt;br/&gt;     Jarymowycz VA, 2006, CHEM REV, V106, P1624, DOI 10.1021/cr040421p&lt;br/&gt;     Karplus M, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P6679, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408930102&lt;br/&gt;     Knab JR, 2010, APPL PHYS LETT, V97, DOI 10.1063/1.3467192&lt;br/&gt;     Lange OF, 2008, SCIENCE, V320, P1471, DOI 10.1126/science.1157092&lt;br/&gt;     Liu D, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V101, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.135501&lt;br/&gt;     Mellinger JS, 2007, J PHYS CHEM A, V111, P10977, DOI 10.1021/jp074975i&lt;br/&gt;     Planken PCM, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P975, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9824-3&lt;br/&gt;     Rheinstadter MC, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V103, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.128104&lt;br/&gt;     Tych KM, 2011, J APPL CRYSTALLOGR, V44, P129, DOI 10.1107/S0021889810043372&lt;br/&gt;Acbas, Gheorghe Snell, Edward Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Sep 23-28, 2012&lt;br/&gt;Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;IEEE, USN, Off Naval Res Sci &amp; Technol, ETRI, UOW, Sch Engn Phys, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Victoria Suntech Adv Solar Facil, Swinburne, Ctr Micro Photon, Edinburgh Photon, Tydex, TRAS Inc, Inst Photon &amp; Opt Sci, LakeShore, Australian Synchrotron, CSIRO, Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconducting &amp; Elect Mat, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Univ Sydney, IEEE Microwave Theory &amp; Tech Soc&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/G-2055-2018&lt;br/&gt;Snell, Edward/0000-0001-8714-3191&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Acbas, Gheorghe|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Acbas, G (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz / Far Infrared Spectroscopy: Protein Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encyclopedia of Biophysics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ed. Gordon C. K. Roberts</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Deepu K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stier, Andreas V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellis, Chase T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCombe, Bruce D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Černe, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz magneto-optical polarization modulation spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOSA BJOSA B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1406-1412</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1520-8540</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguilar, R. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stier, A. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilbro, L. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bansal, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oh, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armitage, N. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Response and Colossal Kerr Rotation from the Surface States of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Rev. Lett.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bi2te3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0031-9007</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report the THz response of thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3. At low frequencies, transport is essentially thickness independent showing the dominant contribution of the surface electrons. Despite their extended exposure to ambient conditions, these surfaces exhibit robust properties including narrow, almost thickness-independent Drude peaks, and an unprecedentedly large polarization rotation of linearly polarized light reflected in an applied magnetic field. This Kerr rotation can be as large as 65 degrees and can be explained by a cyclotron resonance effect of the surface states.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000300576000025</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 896NY&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 164&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 35&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Akhmerov AR, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V102, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.216404&lt;br/&gt;     Alpichshev Z, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V104, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.016401&lt;br/&gt;     Analytis JG, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.205407&lt;br/&gt;     Bansal N., ARXIV11045709&lt;br/&gt;     Benia HM, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V107, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.177602&lt;br/&gt;     Bianchi M, 2010, NAT COMMUN, V1, DOI 10.1038/ncomms1131&lt;br/&gt;     Butch NP, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.241301&lt;br/&gt;     Chen J, 2011, PHYS REV B, V83, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.241304&lt;br/&gt;     Chen YL, 2009, SCIENCE, V325, P178, DOI 10.1126/science.1173034&lt;br/&gt;     Essin AM, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V102, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.146805&lt;br/&gt;     Eto K, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.195309&lt;br/&gt;     Fu L, 2007, PHYS REV B, V76, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045302&lt;br/&gt;     Fu L, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V100, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.096407&lt;br/&gt;     Hsieh D, 2008, NATURE, V452, P970, DOI 10.1038/nature06843&lt;br/&gt;     Hsieh D, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1101, DOI 10.1038/nature08234&lt;br/&gt;     Jenkins GS, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.125120&lt;br/&gt;     King PDC, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V107, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.096802&lt;br/&gt;     LaForge AD, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.125120&lt;br/&gt;     Lan YP, 2011, PHYS REV B, V83, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.205109&lt;br/&gt;     Maciejko J, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V105, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.166803&lt;br/&gt;     Moore JE, 2007, PHYS REV B, V75, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.121306&lt;br/&gt;     Qi XL, 2008, PHYS REV B, V78, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.195424&lt;br/&gt;     Qu DX, 2010, SCIENCE, V329, P821, DOI 10.1126/science.1189792&lt;br/&gt;     Roushan P, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1106, DOI 10.1038/nature08308&lt;br/&gt;     Roy R, 2009, PHYS REV B, V79, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195322&lt;br/&gt;     Steinberg H, 2011, PHYS REV B, V84, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.233101&lt;br/&gt;     Sushkov AB, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.125110&lt;br/&gt;     THOULESS DJ, 1982, PHYS REV LETT, V49, P405, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.405&lt;br/&gt;     Tkachov G, 2011, PHYS REV B, V84, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.035405&lt;br/&gt;     Tse WK, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.161104&lt;br/&gt;     Tse WK, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V105, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.057401&lt;br/&gt;     VONKLITZING K, 1980, PHYS REV LETT, V45, P494, DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.45.494&lt;br/&gt;     Xia Y, 2009, NAT PHYS, V5, P398, DOI 10.1038/NPHYS1274&lt;br/&gt;     Xiong J., PHYSICA A E IN PRESS&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang XA, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.245107&lt;br/&gt;Aguilar, R. Valdes Stier, A. V. Liu, W. Bilbro, L. S. George, D. K. Bansal, N. Wu, L. Cerne, J. Markelz, A. G. Oh, S. Armitage, N. P.&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014; Aguilar, Rolando Valdes/A-6637-2012; Liu, Wei/H-5999-2012; Wu, Liang/C-8715-2015&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705; Aguilar, Rolando Valdes/0000-0002-4321-4792; Wu, Liang/0000-0003-1696-7809; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;&quot;Institute for Quantum Matter&quot; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationGordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [MRI-R2 0959989, DMR-1006078, DMR-0845464]; IAMDN of Rutgers University; ONROffice of Naval Research [N000140910749]; Division Of Materials ResearchNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Mathematical &amp; Physical Sciences (MPS) [0845464] Funding Source: National Science Foundation&lt;br/&gt;The authors would like to thank H. D. Drew, J. Hancock, Z. Hao, G. S. Jenkins, A. Kuzmenko, A. MacDonald, N. A. Mecholsky, A. J. Pearson, O. Tchernyshyov, W-K. Tse, and Y. Wan for helpful discussions and/or correspondences. Support for the measurements at JHU was provided under the auspices of the &quot;Institute for Quantum Matter&quot; DOE DE-FG02-08ER46544 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The work at UB was supported by NSF MRI-R2 0959989 and NSF DMR-1006078. The work at Rutgers was supported by IAMDN of Rutgers University, NSF DMR-0845464 and ONR N000140910749.&lt;br/&gt;166&lt;br/&gt;3&lt;br/&gt;157&lt;br/&gt;Amer physical soc&lt;br/&gt;College pk</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">087403</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Aguilar, R. Valdes|Stier, A. V.|Liu, W.|Bilbro, L. S.|Wu, L.|Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Aguilar, R. Valdes|Stier, A. V.|Liu, W.|Bilbro, L. S.|Wu, L.|Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys &amp; Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stier, A. V.|George, D. K.|Cerne, J.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bansal, N.|Oh, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys &amp; Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Aguilar, RV (corresponding author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.&lt;br/&gt;rvaldes@pha.jhu.edu|npa@pha.jhu.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Falconer, Robert J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz spectroscopic analysis of peptides and proteins</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">973-988</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1866-6892</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J-Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Wenjun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence of protein collective motions on the picosecond timescale</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1058-1065</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stier, A. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koch, M.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magneto Optical Polarization Measurements using THz Polarization Modulation Spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4577-0509-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report a new broad band technique for rapidly measuring the complex Faraday and Kerr rotations in materials such as topological insulators and graphene, combining the distinct advantages of THz time domain spectroscopy and polarization modulation techniques. The performance of the system is demonstrated using GaAs two dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000330296300202</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BJT73&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 3&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P8133, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.8133&lt;br/&gt;     Crassee I, 2011, NAT PHYS, V7, P48, DOI 10.1038/NPHYS1816&lt;br/&gt;     Tse WK, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V105, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.057401&lt;br/&gt;Stier, A. V. George, D. Markelz, A. G. Cerne, J.&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Oct 02-07, 2011&lt;br/&gt;Houston, TX&lt;br/&gt;Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory &amp; Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Stier, A. V.|George, D.|Markelz, A. G.|Cerne, J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Stier, AV (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Characterization of Phonons in Molecular Crystals </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Optics 2010</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rochester</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	We demonstrate a new technique for characterizing the phonons in molecular crystals, Modulated Orientation Sensitive Terahertz Spectroscopy (MOSTS). The technique suppresses crystal defects and solvent contributions, and enhances contributions due to molecular structure and anisotropy.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydration Effects on Energy Relaxation of Ferric Cytochrome C Films after Soret-Band Photoexcitation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Physical Chemistry B</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. Chem. B</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. Chem. BJ. Phys. Chem. B</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">circular-dichroism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conformation change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ferricytochrome-c</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein hydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resolved resonance raman</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">unfolded states</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vibrational-relaxation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water-molecules</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15151-15157</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1520-6106</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Protein hydration plays a critical role in protein dynamics and biological processes. Pump-probe transmission measurement has been applied to investigate the hydration effects on the energy relaxation of a heme protein ferric Cytochrome c (Cyt c) film after soret-band photoexcitation. Transient dynamics study indicates that the energy internal conversion time of similar to 300 fs is independent of hydration. The vibrationally excited electronic ground-state recovery rates show two transitions at the hydration level of h = 12.4-16.5% and 21.7-23.5%. The first transition occurs at the hydration level for the onset of an increasing ferric Cyt c flexibility while the second transition occurs at the saturated hydration level. The hydration dependence of steady-state electronic absorption spectrum results shows that the Q-band peak is nearly constant in center wavelength, but the line width surprisingly narrows with increasing hydration. For the similar to 695 nm absorbance associated with the MET80-Fe bond, the intensity increases with increasing hydration and slightly blue shifts. The 695 nm peak grows rapidly at h = 12.4% and then plateaus at h = 21.7%. This research shows that similar to 695 nm absorbance and ground-state recovery rates are sensitive to the hydration of the protein. This study will aid in understanding how hydration modulates the activity of the protein dynamics at a local level.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000284287700044</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 681CT&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 3&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 87&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Bagchi B, 2005, CHEM REV, V105, P3197, DOI 10.1021/cr020661+&lt;br/&gt;     BAI YW, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P192, DOI 10.1126/science.7618079&lt;br/&gt;     Bertini I, 2000, J MAGN RESON, V147, P1, DOI 10.1006/jmre.2000.2131&lt;br/&gt;     Bizzarri AR, 2002, J PHYS CHEM B, V106, P6617, DOI 10.1021/jp020100m&lt;br/&gt;     BONE S, 1985, J MOL BIOL, V181, P323, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90096-8&lt;br/&gt;     Bone S, 2008, J PHYS CHEM B, V112, P10071, DOI 10.1021/jp8009782&lt;br/&gt;     BULL HB, 1968, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V128, P488, DOI 10.1016/0003-9861(68)90055-6&lt;br/&gt;     BULL HB, 1970, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V137, P299, DOI 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90443-1&lt;br/&gt;     CHAMPION PM, 1981, J CHEM PHYS, V75, P490, DOI 10.1063/1.441846&lt;br/&gt;     Chen EF, 1999, J AM CHEM SOC, V121, P3811, DOI 10.1021/ja983169+&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Cianetti S, 2004, J AM CHEM SOC, V126, P13932, DOI 10.1021/ja046442i&lt;br/&gt;     Dragomir I, 2007, BIOPHYS J, V92, P989, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.106.095976&lt;br/&gt;     Eaton W A, 1981, Methods Enzymol, V76, P175&lt;br/&gt;     EATON WA, 1967, J CHEM PHYS, V46, P2533, DOI 10.1063/1.1841081&lt;br/&gt;     EATON WA, 1968, J CHEM PHYS, V49, P985, DOI 10.1063/1.1670263&lt;br/&gt;     Ehrler OT, 2009, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V42, P769, DOI 10.1021/ar800263z&lt;br/&gt;     FERRAND M, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P9668, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9668&lt;br/&gt;     GASCOYNE PRC, 1977, J CHEM SOC FARAD T 1, V73, P171, DOI 10.1039/f19777300171&lt;br/&gt;     GIBSON QH, 1957, NATURE, V180, P1416, DOI 10.1038/1801416b0&lt;br/&gt;     Gregory R.B., 1995, PROTEIN SOLVENT INTE&lt;br/&gt;     HALLE B, 1981, J AM CHEM SOC, V103, P500, DOI 10.1021/ja00393a004&lt;br/&gt;     Halle B, 2004, PHILOS T R SOC B, V359, P1207, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2004.1499&lt;br/&gt;     Henchman RH, 2002, PROTEIN SCI, V11, P2080, DOI 10.1110/ps.0214002&lt;br/&gt;     Hertel IV, 2006, REP PROG PHYS, V69, P1897, DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/69/6/R06&lt;br/&gt;     Jayaram B, 2004, ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM, V33, P343, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.33.110502.140414&lt;br/&gt;     Jimenez R, 2002, J PHYS CHEM B, V106, P9172, DOI 10.1021/jp0209648&lt;br/&gt;     JONES CM, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P11860, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11860&lt;br/&gt;     Joti Y, 2008, BIOPHYS J, V94, P4435, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.107.118042&lt;br/&gt;     Jougeward K. A., 1988, J BIOL CHEM, V263, P6027&lt;br/&gt;     Kamal JKA, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P13411, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0405724101&lt;br/&gt;     Kamei T, 2002, BIOPHYS J, V82, P418, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75406-4&lt;br/&gt;     Kholodenko Y, 2000, CHEM PHYS, V259, P71, DOI 10.1016/S0301-0104(00)00182-8&lt;br/&gt;     Kubinec M. G., 1992, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V2, P828&lt;br/&gt;     Kumar ATN, 2001, J PHYS CHEM B, V105, P7847, DOI 10.1021/jp0101209&lt;br/&gt;     Levy Y, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P3325, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0400157101&lt;br/&gt;     Levy Y, 2006, ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM, V35, P389, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.35.040405.102134&lt;br/&gt;     LI P, 1992, J CHEM PHYS, V97, P3214, DOI 10.1063/1.463008&lt;br/&gt;     Lim MH, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P12043, DOI 10.1021/jp9536458&lt;br/&gt;     Lowenich D, 2008, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V84, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00219.x&lt;br/&gt;     Makinen M. W., 1983, IRON PORPHYRINS, P41&lt;br/&gt;     Manas ES, 1999, J PHYS CHEM B, V103, P6334, DOI 10.1021/jp9908552&lt;br/&gt;     MARGOLIASH E., 1966, ADVANCE PROTEIN CHEM, V21, P113, DOI 10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60128-X&lt;br/&gt;     MARTIN JL, 1994, METHOD ENZYMOL, V232, P416&lt;br/&gt;     MARTIN JL, 1992, ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM, V21, P199, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.21.1.199&lt;br/&gt;     MARTIN JL, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P173, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.1.173&lt;br/&gt;     Mitra RK, 2007, LANGMUIR, V23, P10224, DOI 10.1021/la7014447&lt;br/&gt;     MOORE GR, 1990, CYTOCHROMES EVOLUTIO&lt;br/&gt;     Negrerie M, 2006, J PHYS CHEM B, V110, P12766, DOI 10.1021/jp0559377&lt;br/&gt;     Nibbering ETJ, 2005, ANNU REV PHYS CHEM, V56, P337, DOI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.56.092503.141314&lt;br/&gt;     Oleinikova A, 2007, BIOPHYS J, V93, P2986, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.107.108753&lt;br/&gt;     OTTING G, 1989, J AM CHEM SOC, V111, P1871, DOI 10.1021/ja00187a050&lt;br/&gt;     Pal SK, 2004, CHEM REV, V104, P2099, DOI 10.1021/cr020689l&lt;br/&gt;     Pascher T, 1996, SCIENCE, V271, P1558, DOI 10.1126/science.271.5255.1558&lt;br/&gt;     Qiu WH, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P13979, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0606235103&lt;br/&gt;     Qiu WH, 2005, J PHYS CHEM B, V109, P16901, DOI 10.1021/jp0511754&lt;br/&gt;     Raschke TM, 2006, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V16, P152, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2006.03.002&lt;br/&gt;     Reddy CK, 2001, J MOL BIOL, V314, P619, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5154&lt;br/&gt;     RODRIGUEZ J, 1991, J CHEM PHYS, V94, P6020, DOI 10.1063/1.460439&lt;br/&gt;     RUPLEY JA, 1991, ADV PROTEIN CHEM, V41, P37&lt;br/&gt;     SCHEJTER A, 1964, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V3, P1045, DOI 10.1021/bi00896a006&lt;br/&gt;     SCHEJTER A, 1984, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V23, P1081, DOI 10.1021/bi00301a007&lt;br/&gt;     SHECHTER E, 1967, BIOPOLYMERS, V5, P788, DOI 10.1002/bip.1967.360050812&lt;br/&gt;     Smith JC, 2002, J MOL LIQ, V101, P27, DOI 10.1016/S0167-7322(02)00100-9&lt;br/&gt;     Stolow A, 2004, CHEM REV, V104, P1719, DOI 10.1021/cr020683w&lt;br/&gt;     Stolow A, 2003, ANNU REV PHYS CHEM, V54, P89, DOI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.54.011002.103809&lt;br/&gt;     SUBRAMANIAN S, 1972, BIOPOLYMERS, V11, P1305, DOI 10.1002/bip.1972.360110614&lt;br/&gt;     SUTHERLAND JC, 1972, J CHEM PHYS, V57, P76, DOI 10.1063/1.1678020&lt;br/&gt;     TAKANO T, 1981, J MOL BIOL, V153, P95, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90529-5&lt;br/&gt;     TAKANO T, 1981, J MOL BIOL, V153, P79, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90528-3&lt;br/&gt;     TALER G, 1995, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V34, P14209, DOI 10.1021/bi00043a027&lt;br/&gt;     TEETER MM, 1991, ANNU REV BIOPHYS BIO, V20, P577, DOI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.20.1.577&lt;br/&gt;     Vos MH, 1999, BBA-BIOENERGETICS, V1411, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0005-2728(99)00035-3&lt;br/&gt;     Wang W, 2000, J PHYS CHEM B, V104, P10789, DOI 10.1021/jp0008602&lt;br/&gt;     WEI YZ, 1994, J PHYS CHEM-US, V98, P6644, DOI 10.1021/j100077a034&lt;br/&gt;     Werner JH, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P11130, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0604712103&lt;br/&gt;     Wilson M. T, 1996, CYTOCHROME C MULTIDI, P611&lt;br/&gt;     Ye MP, 2007, BIOPHYS J, V93, P2756, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.107.106799&lt;br/&gt;     Ye S, 2007, AIP CONF PROC, V893, P1307, DOI 10.1063/1.2730382&lt;br/&gt;     Ye X, 2002, J AM CHEM SOC, V124, P5914, DOI 10.1021/ja017359n&lt;br/&gt;     Ye XO, 2003, J PHYS CHEM A, V107, P8156, DOI 10.1021/jp0276799&lt;br/&gt;     Yeh SR, 1998, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V31, P727, DOI 10.1021/ar970084p&lt;br/&gt;     Yokoyama K, 2001, J PHYS CHEM B, V105, P12622, DOI 10.1021/jp011217y&lt;br/&gt;     Zang C, 2009, J AM CHEM SOC, V131, P2846, DOI 10.1021/ja8057293&lt;br/&gt;     Zelent B, 2004, J PHYS CHEM B, V108, P10317, DOI 10.1021/jp037664q&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang LY, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P18461, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0707647104&lt;br/&gt;     Zhou HX, 2001, BIOPHYS CHEM, V93, P171, DOI 10.1016/S0301-4622(01)00219-8&lt;br/&gt;Ye, Shuji Markelz, Andrea&lt;br/&gt;Ye, Shuji/B-4479-2010&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY-0349256, DBI-2959989]; University of Science and Technology of China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21073175]; National Basic Research Program of ChinaNational Basic Research Program of China [2010CB923300]&lt;br/&gt;This work was supported by NSF CAREER Grant PHY-0349256 and NSF MRI-R&lt;SUP&gt;2&lt;/SUP&gt; Grant DBI-2959989, the start-up funding from University of Science and Technology of China, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 21073175), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2010CB923300).&lt;br/&gt;3&lt;br/&gt;2&lt;br/&gt;20&lt;br/&gt;Amer chemical soc&lt;br/&gt;Washington</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Ye, Shuji] Univ Sci &amp; Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Markelz, Andrea] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Ye, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Sci &amp; Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.&lt;br/&gt;shujiye@ustc.edu.cn|amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He,Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why is THz Sensitive to Protein Functional States? Oxidation State of Cytochrome C</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Science and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.tstnetwork.org/10.11906/TST.149-162.2010.12.15/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We investigate the presence of structural collective motions on a picosecond time scale for the heme protein, cytochrome c, as a function of oxidation and hydration, using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Structural collective mode frequencies have been calculated to lie in this frequency range, and the density of states can be considered a measure of flexibility. A dramatic increase in the THz response occurs with oxidation, with the largest increase for lowest hydrations and highest frequencies. For both oxidation states the measured THz response rapidly increases with hydration saturating above ~25% (g H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O/g protein), in contrast to the rapid turn-on in dynamics observed at this hydration level for other proteins. Quasi-harmonic collective vibrational modes and dipole-dipole correlation functions are calculated from the molecular dynamics trajectories. The collective mode density of states alone reproduces the measured hydration dependence providing strong evidence of the existence of these collective motions. The large oxidation dependence is reproduced only by the dipole-dipole correlation function, indicating the contrast arises from diffusive motions consistent with structural changes occurring in the vicinity of a buried internal water molecule.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-162</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Razeghi, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohseni, H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of the protein surface on the local biological water dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosensing Ii</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of SPIE</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alanine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relaxation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thz</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellingham</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7397</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-0-8194-7687-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Protein function is reliant on structural flexibility and this flexibility is slaved to the surrounding solvent. Here we discuss how the exposed surface of the protein influences the solvent dynamics and thereby influences the protein&#039;s own structural dynamics. We discuss measurements of the THz absorption of water in the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000292381700019</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BVQ85&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 12&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Balu R, 2008, BIOPHYS J, V94, P3217, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.107.105163&lt;br/&gt;     Bergner A, 2005, REV SCI INSTRUM, V76, DOI 10.1063/1.1928427&lt;br/&gt;     Born B, 2009, J AM CHEM SOC, V131, P3752, DOI 10.1021/ja808997y&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2748852&lt;br/&gt;     He YF, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V101, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.178103&lt;br/&gt;     Heugen U, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P12301, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0604897103&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2007, OPT EXPRESS, V15, P14717, DOI 10.1364/OE.15.014717&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P10373, DOI 10.1021/jp960141g&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     THRANE L, 1995, CHEM PHYS LETT, V240, P330, DOI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00543-D&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2006, J CHEM PHYS, V124, DOI 10.1063/1.2151267&lt;br/&gt;     Yada H, 2008, CHEM PHYS LETT, V464, P166, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.015&lt;br/&gt;Liang, Wei He, Yunfen George, Deepu Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;Conference on Biosensing II&lt;br/&gt;Aug 04-06, 2009&lt;br/&gt;San Diego, CA&lt;br/&gt;Spie&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;1000 20th st, po box 10, bellingham, wa 98227-0010 usa&lt;br/&gt;0277-786x&lt;br/&gt;73970t</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Liang, Wei|He, Yunfen|George, Deepu|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Liang, W (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of structure in the protein dynamical transition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1424421195</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz dielectric sensitivity to biomolecular structure and function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180-190</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1077-260X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Song, J. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kabir, N. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawano, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ishibashi, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aizin, G. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mourokh, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reno, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bird, J. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz response of quantum point contacts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics LettersApplied Physics LettersApplied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">detector</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">devices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field-effect transistors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plasma-waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resonant detection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subterahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transport</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We measure a clear terahertz response in the low-temperature conductance of a quantum point contact at 1.4 and 2.5 THz. We show that this photoresponse does not arise from a heating effect, but that it is instead excellently described by a classical model of terahertz-induced gate-voltage rectification. This effect is distinct from the rectification mechanisms that have been studied previously, being determined by the phase-dependent interference of the source drain and gate voltage modulations induced by the terahertz field. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000256527900083</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 310KL&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 25&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 21&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Aizin GR, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V91, DOI 10.1063/1.2800369&lt;br/&gt;     ARNONE DD, 1995, APPL PHYS LETT, V66, P3149, DOI 10.1063/1.113705&lt;br/&gt;     FENG SC, 1993, PHYS REV B, V48, P5354, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.5354&lt;br/&gt;     Hashiba H, 2004, APPL PHYS LETT, V85, P6036, DOI 10.1063/1.1834716&lt;br/&gt;     HU Q, 1993, APPL PHYS LETT, V62, P837, DOI 10.1063/1.108567&lt;br/&gt;     Hu Q, 1996, SEMICOND SCI TECH, V11, P1888, DOI 10.1088/0268-1242/11/12/021&lt;br/&gt;     JANSSEN TJBM, 1994, J PHYS-CONDENS MAT, V6, pL163, DOI 10.1088/0953-8984/6/13/002&lt;br/&gt;     Kabir NA, 2006, APPL PHYS LETT, V89, DOI 10.1063/1.2357605&lt;br/&gt;     KARADI C, 1994, J OPT SOC AM B, V11, P2566, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.11.002566&lt;br/&gt;     Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P4637, DOI 10.1063/1.1525851&lt;br/&gt;     Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P3433, DOI 10.1063/1.1473685&lt;br/&gt;     Lee M, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V86, DOI 10.1063/1.1851606&lt;br/&gt;     MITTLEMAN D, 2002, SPRINGER SERIES OPTI&lt;br/&gt;     Peralta XG, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1627, DOI 10.1063/1.1497433&lt;br/&gt;     Ryzhii V, 2006, JPN J APPL PHYS 2, V45, pL1118, DOI 10.1143/JJAP.45.L1118&lt;br/&gt;     Shaner EA, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2735943&lt;br/&gt;     Shaner EA, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2128057&lt;br/&gt;     Teppe F, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2005394&lt;br/&gt;     VANHOUTEN H, 1992, SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET, P9&lt;br/&gt;     WYSS RA, 1993, APPL PHYS LETT, V63, P1522, DOI 10.1063/1.110736&lt;br/&gt;     WYSS RA, 1995, APPL PHYS LETT, V66, P1144, DOI 10.1063/1.113840&lt;br/&gt;Song, J. W. Kabir, N. A. Kawano, Y. Ishibashi, K. Aizin, G. R. Mourokh, L. Reno, J. L. Markelz, A. G. Bird, J. P.&lt;br/&gt;Ishibashi, Koji/G-7065-2012; Bird, Jonathan P/G-4068-2010&lt;br/&gt;Ishibashi, Koji/0000-0001-8131-9969; Bird, Jonathan P/0000-0002-6966-9007; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;27&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;6&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Melville&lt;br/&gt;1077-3118</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223115</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Song, J. W.|Kabir, N. A.|Bird, J. P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Kawano, Y.|Ishibashi, K.] RIKEN, Inst Phys &amp; Chem Res, Adv Device Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Aizin, G. R.] CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Mourokh, L.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Phys, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct &amp; Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Bird, JP (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;jbird@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balu, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zukowski, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregurick, S. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin: Similarities and differences</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bovine rhodopsin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conformational-changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elastic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frequency normal-modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light activation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular-dynamics simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neutron-scattering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein-coupled receptors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transmembrane helices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vibrational-modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wild-type</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3217-3226</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We studied the low-frequency terahertz spectroscopy of two photoactive protein systems, rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, as a means to characterize collective low-frequency motions in helical transmembrane proteins. From this work, we found that the nature of the vibrational motions activated by terahertz radiation is surprisingly similar between these two structurally similar proteins. Specifically, at the lowest frequencies probed, the cytoplasmic loop regions of the proteins are highly active; and at the higher terahertz frequencies studied, the extracellular loop regions of the protein systems become vibrationally activated. In the case of bacteriorhodopsin, the calculated terahertz spectra are compared with the experimental terahertz signature. This work illustrates the importance of terahertz spectroscopy to identify vibrational degrees of freedom which correlate to known conformational changes in these proteins.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000254420100030</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 280IP&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 50&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 72&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Abdulaev NG, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P12854, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.22.12854&lt;br/&gt;     Alexandrov V, 2005, PROTEIN SCI, V14, P633, DOI 10.1110/ps.04882105&lt;br/&gt;     Alexiev U, 2003, J MOL BIOL, V328, P705, DOI 10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00326-7&lt;br/&gt;     Altenbach C, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V40, P15493, DOI 10.1021/bi011545o&lt;br/&gt;     AMADEI A, 1993, PROTEINS, V17, P412, DOI 10.1002/prot.340170408&lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103&lt;br/&gt;     Beck M, 1998, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V37, P7630, DOI 10.1021/bi9801560&lt;br/&gt;     Bizzarri AR, 2001, EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY, V30, P443, DOI 10.1007/s002490100167&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS B, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P6571, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.21.6571&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1995, J COMPUT CHEM, V16, P1522, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540161209&lt;br/&gt;     Bu ZM, 2000, J MOL BIOL, V301, P525, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3978&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Chen Q, 2001, J OPT SOC AM B, V18, P823, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000823&lt;br/&gt;     Chung HS, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408646102&lt;br/&gt;     Crozier PS, 2003, J MOL BIOL, V333, P493, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.08.045&lt;br/&gt;     Farrens DL, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P768, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5288.768&lt;br/&gt;     Filippovich S. Y., 2004, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V3, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Fotiadis D, 2006, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V16, P252, DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2006.03.013&lt;br/&gt;     Gabel F, 2005, BIOPHYS J, V89, P3303, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.061028&lt;br/&gt;     Gabel F, 2002, Q REV BIOPHYS, V35, P327, DOI 10.1017/S0033583502003840&lt;br/&gt;     Getmanova E, 2004, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V43, P1126, DOI 10.1021/bi030120u&lt;br/&gt;     Giraud G, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1903, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74618-9&lt;br/&gt;     GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1991, FEMTOSECOND PULSES T&lt;br/&gt;     Groma GI, 2001, BIOPHYS J, V81, P3432, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(01)75975-9&lt;br/&gt;     Hendler RW, 2003, EUR J BIOCHEM, V270, P1920, DOI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03547.x&lt;br/&gt;     Hu KS, 2000, J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B, V58, P163, DOI 10.1016/S1011-1344(00)00125-1&lt;br/&gt;     Humphrey W, 1996, J MOL GRAPH MODEL, V14, P33, DOI 10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5&lt;br/&gt;     ICHIYE T, 1991, PROTEINS, V11, P205, DOI 10.1002/prot.340110305&lt;br/&gt;     Jaaskelainen S, 1998, PROTEIN SCI, V7, P1359&lt;br/&gt;     Joti Y, 2004, PHYSICA B, V350, pE627, DOI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.167&lt;br/&gt;     Kamikubo H, 1997, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V36, P12282, DOI 10.1021/bi9712302&lt;br/&gt;     Kataoka M, 2000, BBA-BIOENERGETICS, V1460, P166, DOI 10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00137-7&lt;br/&gt;     Keskin O, 2000, BIOPHYS J, V78, P2093, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76756-7&lt;br/&gt;     Kim JE, 2003, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V42, P5169, DOI 10.1021/bi030026d&lt;br/&gt;     Kim JE, 2002, J PHYS CHEM A, V106, P8508, DOI 10.1021/jp021069r&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     KONIG B, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P6878, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.18.6878&lt;br/&gt;     Korter TM, 2006, CHEM PHYS LETT, V418, P65, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.097&lt;br/&gt;     Koutsopoulos S, 2005, PROTEINS, V61, P377, DOI 10.1002/prot.20606&lt;br/&gt;     Langen R, 1999, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V38, P7918, DOI 10.1021/bi990010g&lt;br/&gt;     Lee AG, 2004, BBA-BIOMEMBRANES, V1666, P62, DOI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.05.012&lt;br/&gt;     Li J, 2004, J MOL BIOL, V343, P1409, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.090&lt;br/&gt;     Liang Y, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P21655, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M302536200&lt;br/&gt;     MacKerell AD, 2001, BIOPOLYMERS, V56, P257&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz A, 2002, PHYS MED BIOL, V47, P3797, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/318&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V320, P42, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00227-X&lt;br/&gt;     McCamant DW, 2005, J PHYS CHEM B, V109, P10449, DOI 10.1021/jp050095x&lt;br/&gt;     Niv MY, 2006, J COMPUT AID MOL DES, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/s10822-006-9061-3&lt;br/&gt;     Oesterhelt D, 1974, Methods Enzymol, V31, P667&lt;br/&gt;     Okada T, 2001, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V11, P420, DOI 10.1016/S0959-440X(00)00227-X&lt;br/&gt;     Pitman MC, 2005, J AM CHEM SOC, V127, P4576, DOI 10.1021/ja042715y&lt;br/&gt;     Rader AJ, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P7246, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0401429101&lt;br/&gt;     Ridge KD, 2003, TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI, V28, P479, DOI 10.1016/S0968-0004(03)00172-5&lt;br/&gt;     Ruprecht JJ, 2004, EMBO J, V23, P3609, DOI 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600374&lt;br/&gt;     Saam J, 2002, BIOPHYS J, V83, P3097, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75314-9&lt;br/&gt;     Sass HJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P649, DOI 10.1038/35020607&lt;br/&gt;     Schmuttenmaer CA, 2004, CHEM REV, V104, P1759, DOI 10.1021/cr020685g&lt;br/&gt;     Siegel PH, 2004, IEEE T MICROW THEORY, V52, P2438, DOI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.835916&lt;br/&gt;     Siegrist K, 2006, J AM CHEM SOC, V128, P5764, DOI 10.1021/ja058176u&lt;br/&gt;     Subramaniam S, 2000, BBA-BIOENERGETICS, V1460, P157, DOI 10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00136-5&lt;br/&gt;     Tajkhorshid E, 2000, BIOPHYS J, V78, P683, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76626-4&lt;br/&gt;     Tama F, 2000, PROTEINS, V41, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Tama F, 2002, J MOL BIOL, V321, P297, DOI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00627-7&lt;br/&gt;     Tama F, 2001, PROTEIN ENG, V14, P1, DOI 10.1093/protein/14.1.1&lt;br/&gt;     Teller DC, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V40, P7761, DOI 10.1021/bi0155091&lt;br/&gt;     Thomas A, 1999, PROTEINS, V34, P96, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19990101)34:1&lt;96::AID-PROT8&gt;3.0.CO;2-0&lt;br/&gt;     Ujj L, 1998, BIOPHYS J, V74, P1492, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77861-0&lt;br/&gt;     Vogel R, 2004, J MOL BIOL, V338, P597, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.006&lt;br/&gt;     Vogel R, 2003, BIOPOLYMERS, V72, P133, DOI 10.1002/bip.10407&lt;br/&gt;     Whitmire SE, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1269, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74562-7&lt;br/&gt;     Yan ECY, 2004, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V43, P10867, DOI 10.1021/bi0400148&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang J, 2006, PROTEIN PEPTIDE LETT, V13, P33, DOI 10.2174/092986606774502027&lt;br/&gt;Balu, R. Zhang, H. Zukowski, E. Chen, J. -Y. Markelz, A. G. Gregurick, S. K.&lt;br/&gt;Zhang, Hailiang/F-8325-2010&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;52&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;27&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Balu, R.|Zhang, H.|Zukowski, E.|Gregurick, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem &amp; Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chen, J. -Y.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Gregurick, SK (corresponding author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem &amp; Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.&lt;br/&gt;greguric@umbe.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of Tagless Biosensors for Detecting the Presence of Pathogens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Frequency Detection and Identification of Materials and Objects</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht, The Netherlands</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ed X.-C. Zhang, R. E. Miles, H. Eisele and A. Krotkus</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-134</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein dynamical transition in terahertz dielectric response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000926140700680X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">442</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413 - 417</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0009-2614</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The 200K protein dynamical transition is observed for the first time in the terahertz dielectric response. The complex dielectric permittivity ε=ε′+iε″ is determined in the 0.2–2.0THz and 80–294K ranges. ε″ has a linear temperature dependence up to 200K then sharply increases. The low temperature linear dependence in ε″ suggests anharmonicity for temperatures 80K&amp;lt;t&amp;lt;180k, challenging=&quot;&quot; the=&quot;&quot; assumed=&quot;&quot; harmonicity=&quot;&quot; below=&quot;&quot; 200k.=&quot;&quot; temperature=&quot;&quot; dependence=&quot;&quot; is=&quot;&quot; consistent=&quot;&quot; with=&quot;&quot; thermally=&quot;&quot; activated=&quot;&quot; sidechain=&quot;&quot; motions=&quot;&quot; and=&quot;&quot; shows=&quot;&quot; involved=&quot;&quot; in=&quot;&quot; dynamical=&quot;&quot; transition=&quot;&quot; extend=&quot;&quot; to=&quot;&quot; subpicosecond=&quot;&quot; time=&quot;&quot; scales.&amp;lt;=&quot;&quot; div=&quot;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz dielectric assay of solution phase protein binding</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The authors demonstrate a method for rapid determination of protein-ligand binding on solution phase samples using terahertz dielectric spectroscopy. Measurements were performed using terahertz time domain spectroscopy on aqueous solutions below the liquid-solid transition for water. Small ligand binding sensitivity was demonstrated using triacetylglucosamine and hen egg white lysozyme with a decrease in dielectric response with binding. The magnitude of the change increases with frequency. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000247305400108</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 179QR&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 51&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 9&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103&lt;br/&gt;     Brucherseifer M, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V77, P4049, DOI 10.1063/1.1332415&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Fear G, 2007, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V113, P354, DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.09.001&lt;br/&gt;     Heugen U, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P12301, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0604897103&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     LEHRER SS, 1967, J BIOL CHEM, V242, P4644&lt;br/&gt;     Menikh A, 2004, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V20, P658, DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.006&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2006, PROTEIN SCI, V15, P1175, DOI 10.1110/ps.062073506&lt;br/&gt;Chen, Jing-Yin Knab, J. R. Ye, Shuji He, Yunfen Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Ye, Shuji/B-4479-2010&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;53&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;42&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Melville&lt;br/&gt;1077-3118</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243901</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, 239 Fronczak Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz measurements of protein relaxational dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the IEEE</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1605-1610</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0018-9219</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydration dependence of conformational dielectric relaxation of lysozyme</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2576-2581</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, Shuji</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein conformational dynamics measured with terahertz time domain spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-183</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1424403995</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kabir, N. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reno, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sadofyev, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Y. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bird, J. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz transmission characteristics of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field-effect transistors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoconductivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plasma-waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resonant detection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subterahertz</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Frequency-dependent complex conductivity of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) systems is studied by terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Determining the momentum relaxation time from a Drude model, the authors find a lower value than that from dc measurements, particularly at high frequencies/low temperatures. These deviations are consistent with the ratio tau(t)/tau(q,) where tau(q) is the full scattering time. This suggests that small-angle scattering leads to weaker heating of 2DEGs at low temperatures than expected from dc mobilit9y. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000240875800066</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 089JE&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 18&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 16&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     ANDO T, 1982, REV MOD PHYS, V54, P437, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.54.437&lt;br/&gt;     ANDO T, 1989, HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS, V2, P164&lt;br/&gt;     Ashcroft NW, 1976, SOLID STATE PHYS, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Beard MC, 2000, PHYS REV B, V62, P15764, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764&lt;br/&gt;     Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P8133, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.8133&lt;br/&gt;     COLERIDGE PT, 1991, PHYS REV B, V44, P3793, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.3793&lt;br/&gt;     Dorozhkin PS, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2035883&lt;br/&gt;     Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P4637, DOI 10.1063/1.1525851&lt;br/&gt;     Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P3433, DOI 10.1063/1.1473685&lt;br/&gt;     Kukushkin IV, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V86, DOI 10.1063/1.1856143&lt;br/&gt;     MADELUNG O, 1996, SEMICONDUCTORS BASIC, P109&lt;br/&gt;     MCKNIGHT SW, 1987, INFRARED PHYS, V27, P327, DOI 10.1016/0020-0891(87)90074-1&lt;br/&gt;     Peralta XG, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1627, DOI 10.1063/1.1497433&lt;br/&gt;     Sadofyev YG, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1833, DOI 10.1063/1.1504882&lt;br/&gt;     Shaner EA, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2128057&lt;br/&gt;     ZAWADZKI W, 1974, ADV PHYS, V23, P435, DOI 10.1080/00018737400101371&lt;br/&gt;Kabir, N. A. Yoon, Y. Knab, J. R. Chen, J. -Y. Markelz, A. G. Reno, J. L. Sadofyev, Y. Johnson, S. Zhang, Y. -H. Bird, J. P.&lt;br/&gt;Bird, Jonathan P/G-4068-2010&lt;br/&gt;Bird, Jonathan P/0000-0002-6966-9007; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;18&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;15&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Melville</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132109</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct &amp; Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;jbird@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheon, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luo, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast Carriers Dynamics in GaSb/Mn Random Alloys</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vienna Austria</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using terahertz spectroscopy as a protein binding assay</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems IV;</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> San Jose, California, United States</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc SPIE 6080,</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The vibrational modes corresponding to protein tertiary structural motion lay in the far infrared or terahertz frequency range. These collective large scale motions depend on global structure and thus will necessarily be perturbed by ligand binding events. We discuss the use of terahertz dielectric spectroscopy to measure these vibrational modes and the sensitivity of the technique to changes in protein conformation, oxidation state and environment. A challenge of applying this sensitivity as a spectroscopic assay for ligand binding is the sensitivity of the technique to both bulk water and water bound to the protein. This sensitivity can entirely obscure the signal from the protein or protein-ligand complex itself, thus necessitating sophisticated sample preparation making the technique impractical for industrial applications. We discuss methods to overcome this background and demonstrate how terahertz spectroscopy can be used to quickly assay protein binding for proteomics and pharmaceutical research.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shah, Binni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical hydration and temperature effects on terahertz biomolecular sensing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection III</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Society for Optics and Photonics</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5995</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59950P</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Large oxidation dependence observed in terahertz dielectric response for cytochrome c</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review E</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Rev. E</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">absorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">binding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heart ferricytochrome-c</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein flexibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">state</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1539-3755</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Far infrared dielectric response is used to characterize the collective mode density of states for cytochrome c as a function of oxidation state and hydration using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. A strong absorbance and refractive index increase was observed with the oxidation. A simple phenomenological fitting using a continuous distribution of oscillators reproduces the frequency dependence of the complex dielectric response as well as demonstrates quantitative agreement with a uniform increase in either mode density or polarizability with oxidation in the 5-80 cm(-1) frequency range. Hydration dependence measurements find that a difference in the equilibrium water content for ferri and ferro cytochrome c is not sufficient to account for the large change in terahertz response. The large dielectric increase at terahertz frequencies with oxidation suggests either a significant global softening of the potential and/or a significant increase in polarizability with oxidation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000232930600005</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 979GO&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 51&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 29&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     BERGHUIS AM, 1992, J MOL BIOL, V223, P959, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90255-I&lt;br/&gt;     BONE S, 1985, J MOL BIOL, V181, P323, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90096-8&lt;br/&gt;     BONE S, 1982, J MOL BIOL, V157, P571, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90477-6&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS B, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P4995, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4995&lt;br/&gt;     Brucherseifer M, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V77, P4049, DOI 10.1063/1.1332415&lt;br/&gt;     Carlson HA, 2002, CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL, V6, P447, DOI 10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00341-1&lt;br/&gt;     CHEN JY, IN PRESS BIOPHYS J&lt;br/&gt;     CUSACK S, 1986, PHYSICA B &amp; C, V136, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0378-4363(86)80069-9&lt;br/&gt;     EDEN D, 1982, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V79, P815, DOI 10.1073/pnas.79.3.815&lt;br/&gt;     FROHWIRT EM, 1959, BIOPHYS J, V71, P570&lt;br/&gt;     Jackson J.D., 1975, CLASSICAL ELECTRODYN&lt;br/&gt;     KOPPENOL WH, 1982, J BIOL CHEM, V257, P4426&lt;br/&gt;     Kutteruf MR, 2003, CHEM PHYS LETT, V375, P337, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00856-X&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz A, 2002, PHYS MED BIOL, V47, P3797, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/318&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V320, P42, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00227-X&lt;br/&gt;     Menikh A, 2004, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V20, P658, DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.006&lt;br/&gt;     Nagel M, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P154, DOI 10.1063/1.1428619&lt;br/&gt;     PETHIG R, 1979, DIELECTRIC ELECTRONI&lt;br/&gt;     Qi PXR, 1996, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V35, P12275, DOI 10.1021/bi961042w&lt;br/&gt;     RINGE D, 1985, PROG BIOPHYS MOL BIO, V45, P197, DOI 10.1016/0079-6107(85)90002-1&lt;br/&gt;     SHECHTER E, 1967, BIOPOLYMERS, V5, P788, DOI 10.1002/bip.1967.360050812&lt;br/&gt;     SIMONSON T, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P1082, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.4.1082&lt;br/&gt;     SREENATHAN BR, 1971, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V42, P1122, DOI 10.1016/0006-291X(71)90021-0&lt;br/&gt;     Takano T., 1984, Methods and Applications in Crystallographic Computing. International Summer School on Crystallographic Computing, P262&lt;br/&gt;     TAKANO T, 1980, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V77, P6371, DOI 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6371&lt;br/&gt;     Whitmire SE, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1269, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74562-7&lt;br/&gt;     WHITMIRE SE, 2003, SENSING SCI ELECT TE, V2&lt;br/&gt;     Yamamoto K, 2002, B CHEM SOC JPN, V75, P1083, DOI 10.1246/bcsj.75.1083&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang CF, 2004, J PHYS CHEM B, V108, P10077, DOI 10.1021/jp049933y&lt;br/&gt;Chen, JY Knab, JR Cerne, J Markelz, AG&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;52&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;22&lt;br/&gt;Amer physical soc&lt;br/&gt;College pk&lt;br/&gt;1550-2376&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">040901</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Chen, JY (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein dynamics studies using terahertz dielectric response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">230</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">U347-U348</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0065-7727</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000236797300675</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 032TJ&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 0&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, A. G. Knab, J. R. Chen, J. -Y.&lt;br/&gt;230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Aug 28-sep 01, 2005&lt;br/&gt;Washington, DC&lt;br/&gt;Amer Chem Soc&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;2&lt;br/&gt;Amer chemical soc&lt;br/&gt;Washington</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14620 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maeder, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring Protein Flexibility with Terahertz Spectroscopy: Basic Research and Applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Diego, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Černe, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, William A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tagless and universal biosensor for point detection of pathogens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz for military and security applications Ii</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Society for Optics and Photonics</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5411</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">182-186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, C.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz measurements of the Photoactive Protein Bacteriorhodopsin mutant D96N: M and P states</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mater. Res. Soc. Symp.</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in Proteins as Materials (ed. V. P. Conteicello, et al)</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Warrendale, PA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">826</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pages261–267</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div id=&quot;Abs1-content&quot; class=&quot;c-article-section__content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;We use terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a biomaterials characterization tool. Previously we have shown a strong contrast between the THz dielectric response for wild type (WT) and D96N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin. In those studies we observed a large increase in the THz absorbance of WT with excitation to thermally captured photo-intermediates whereas no such increase in absorbance was observed for the mutant D96N. These results suggest that the THz response is sensitive to structural changes and relative flexibility of biomolecules. However the photo-intermediate populations of the WT and D96N samples were not equivalent in those measurements. While the WT samples had relaxed (bR), M and P state intermediates present, the D96N samples had only bR and M states. Here we present terahertz absorbance measurements of D96N as a function of M and P state populations at room temperature. The THz response is constant for intermediate states populations up to 23% M state and up to 30% P state. These results verify that there is a fundamental difference in the conformational dynamics as measured by THz dielectric response for a single residue mutation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maeder, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thz Dielectric Response As A Function Of Protein Hydration: Intramolecular Coupling Contribution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of SPIE Optics East</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philadelphia, PA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosensing with Terahertz Spectroscopy:  Ligand Binding Effects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santa Barbara, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolpert, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korolev, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sachs, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramesh, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moeckly, B.H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct measurements of optical phonons in SrTiO3 nanosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferroelectrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finite size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mode softening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phonons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strontium titanate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003/07/01/</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386947703003059</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">236 - 239</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1386-9477</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We use terahertz time domain spectroscopy to examine finite size effects on the optical phonon modes in SrTiO3 thin films. In temperature-dependent measurements we find a near absence of mode softening in the TO1 phonon frequency. Furthermore we see an increase in the soft mode frequency with reduced thickness. Both of these results correlate well with the reduced dielectric response observed for nanoscale ferroelectric systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D. Wolpert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Cox</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Cerne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Markelz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T. Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Ramesh</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romanowicz M.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finite size effects in ferroelectric nanosystems: Absence of mode softening</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003 Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - Nanotech</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferroelectric materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frequency ranges</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lead compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mode softening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nanostructured materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural frequencies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optical modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Permittivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phase transitions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phonons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Routers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal effects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Francisco, CA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76-81</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0972842209</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We present measurements of the mode softening behavior for PbZr 0.5Ti0.5O3 (PZT(50)) thin films using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TTDS). The films were grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques on silicon substrates to study how reduced size affects the mode softening behavior. At room temperature two modes are observed at 1.1 THz (37 cm-1) and at 2.3 THz (77 cm-1). As the temperature is increased toward Tc we do not see strong mode softening, but rather a spectral weight transfer from the high frequency mode to the low frequency mode. This absence of mode softening is more dramatic than that reported by other investigators[1]. We will discuss the possible sources for this discrepancy. These results suggest a change in lattice dynamics for nanoscale ferroelectric films that may be highly dependent on the sample preparation technique.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cited By 0</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolpert, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein flexibility and conformational state: A comparison of collective vibrational modes of wild-type and D96N bacteriorhodopsin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">angstrom resolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">films</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frequency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">harmonic-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inelastic neutron-scattering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">large systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed basis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">normal-modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">purple membranes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural-changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transform infrared-spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1269-1277</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Far infrared ( FIR) spectral measurements of wild-type (WT) and D96N mutant bacteriorhodopsin thin films have been carried out using terahertz time domain spectroscopy as a function of hydration, temperature, and conformational state. The results are compared to calculated spectra generated via normal mode analyses using CHARMM. We find that the FIR absorbance is slowly increasing with frequency and without strong narrow features over the range of 2-60 cm(-1) and up to a resolution of 0.17 cm(-1). The broad absorption shifts in frequency with decreasing temperature as expected with a strongly anharmonic potential and in agreement with neutron inelastic scattering results. Decreasing hydration shifts the absorption to higher frequencies, possibly resulting from decreased coupling mediated by the interior water molecules. Ground-state FIR absorbances have nearly identical frequency dependence, with the mutant having less optical density than the WT. In the M state, the FIR absorbance of the WT increases whereas there is no change for D96N. These results represent the first measurement of FIR absorbance change as a function of conformational state.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000184428300052</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 705ZZ&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 117&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 55&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     AUSTIN RH, 1975, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V14, P5355, DOI 10.1021/bi00695a021&lt;br/&gt;     Birge RR, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P9990, DOI 10.1021/jp953669e&lt;br/&gt;     BOUSCHE O, 1992, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V56, P1085, DOI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb09732.x&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1983, J COMPUT CHEM, V4, P187, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540040211&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1995, J COMPUT CHEM, V16, P1522, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540161209&lt;br/&gt;     Brooks CL, 1988, PROTEINS THEORETICAL&lt;br/&gt;     Brucherseifer M, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V77, P4049, DOI 10.1063/1.1332415&lt;br/&gt;     Chen Q, 2001, J OPT SOC AM B, V18, P823, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000823&lt;br/&gt;     DENCHER NA, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P7876, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7876&lt;br/&gt;     Der A, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW+, V66, P1234, DOI 10.1023/A:1013179101782&lt;br/&gt;     Diehl M, 1997, BIOPHYS J, V73, P2726, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78301-2&lt;br/&gt;     DOSTER W, 1989, NATURE, V337, P754, DOI 10.1038/337754a0&lt;br/&gt;     FERRAND M, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P9668, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9668&lt;br/&gt;     GENZEL L, 1984, SPECTROSCOPY BIOL MO, P609&lt;br/&gt;     GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1991, OSA PROC, V9, P9&lt;br/&gt;     Guilbert C, 1996, CHEM PHYS, V204, P327, DOI 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00293-6&lt;br/&gt;     Han PY, 2000, OPT LETT, V25, P242, DOI 10.1364/OL.25.000242&lt;br/&gt;     Hinsen K, 1998, PROTEINS, V33, P417, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19981115)33:3&lt;417::AID-PROT10&gt;3.0.CO;2-8&lt;br/&gt;     JANEZIC D, 1995, J COMPUT CHEM, V16, P1543, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540161210&lt;br/&gt;     Kusnetzow A, 1999, BIOPHYS J, V76, P2370, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77394-7&lt;br/&gt;     Lanyi JK, 1999, INT REV CYTOL, V187, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)62418-3&lt;br/&gt;     Lanyi JK, 2001, TRENDS BIOTECHNOL, V19, P140, DOI 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01576-1&lt;br/&gt;     LINDSAY SM, 1988, BIOPOLYMERS, V27, P1015, DOI 10.1002/bip.360270610&lt;br/&gt;     Lisy V, 1997, J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN, V14, P517, DOI 10.1080/07391102.1997.10508150&lt;br/&gt;     LONGBOTTOM C, 2002, POTENTIAL USES TERAH&lt;br/&gt;     Luecke H, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P255, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5438.255&lt;br/&gt;     Luecke H, 1999, J MOL BIOL, V291, P899, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3027&lt;br/&gt;     MacKerell AD, 1998, J PHYS CHEM B, V102, P3586, DOI 10.1021/jp973084f&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V320, P42, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00227-X&lt;br/&gt;     MCINTOSH AR, 1991, BIOPHYS J, V60, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82025-2&lt;br/&gt;     MOUAWAD L, 1993, BIOPOLYMERS, V33, P599, DOI 10.1002/bip.360330409&lt;br/&gt;     Mouawad L, 1996, J MOL BIOL, V258, P393, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0257&lt;br/&gt;     Nagel M, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P154, DOI 10.1063/1.1428619&lt;br/&gt;     Oesterhelt D, 1974, Methods Enzymol, V31, P667&lt;br/&gt;     Palmo K, 1998, J COMPUT CHEM, V19, P754, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199805)19:7&lt;754::AID-JCC6&gt;3.0.CO;2-P&lt;br/&gt;     PERAHIA D, 1995, COMPUT CHEM, V19, P241, DOI 10.1016/0097-8485(95)00011-G&lt;br/&gt;     Person W.B., 1982, VIBRATIONAL INTENSIT&lt;br/&gt;     Polavarapu P. L., 1998, VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA&lt;br/&gt;     POWELL JW, 1991, J MOL STRUCT, V247, P107, DOI 10.1016/0022-2860(91)87067-R&lt;br/&gt;     POWELL JW, 1987, PHYS REV A, V35, P3929, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.35.3929&lt;br/&gt;     Ren L, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V40, P13906, DOI 10.1021/bi0116487&lt;br/&gt;     ROITBERG A, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P1319, DOI 10.1126/science.7539156&lt;br/&gt;     Sass HJ, 1997, EMBO J, V16, P1484, DOI 10.1093/emboj/16.7.1484&lt;br/&gt;     Stuart JA, 1996, BIOMEMBR A&amp;B, V2, P33&lt;br/&gt;     Urabe H, 1998, BIOPHYS J, V74, P1533, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77865-8&lt;br/&gt;     VARO G, 1983, BIOPHYS J, V43, P47, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(83)84322-7&lt;br/&gt;     Walther M, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V332, P389, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01271-9&lt;br/&gt;     WEIDLICH T, 1990, BIOPOLYMERS, V30, P477, DOI 10.1002/bip.360300324&lt;br/&gt;     WEIDLICH T, 1990, J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN, V8, P139, DOI 10.1080/07391102.1990.10507795&lt;br/&gt;     WEIDLICH T, 1987, BIOPOLYMERS, V26, P439, DOI 10.1002/bip.360260310&lt;br/&gt;     WEIDLICH T, 1988, J PHYS CHEM-US, V92, P6475&lt;br/&gt;     WITTLIN A, 1986, PHYS REV A, V34, P493, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.34.493&lt;br/&gt;     Woolard DL, 1997, J APPL TOXICOL, V17, P243, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199707)17:4&lt;243::AID-JAT436&gt;3.0.CO;2-6&lt;br/&gt;     Xie AH, 2002, PHYS REV LETT, V88, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.018102&lt;br/&gt;     Zaccai G, 2000, SCIENCE, V288, P1604, DOI 10.1126/science.288.5471.1604&lt;br/&gt;Whitmire, SE Wolpert, D Markelz, AG Hillebrecht, JR Galan, J Birge, RR&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCESUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548, R01GM034548] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER; NIGMS NIH HHSUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01 GM034548, R01 GM034548-15] Funding Source: Medline&lt;br/&gt;122&lt;br/&gt;3&lt;br/&gt;31&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol &amp; Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Applications to Biomolecular Sensing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0129156403002101</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">951-967</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, Scott E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz applications to biomolecular sensing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">951-967</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0129-1564</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bright, F. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Biosensors based on Xerogel Substrates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santa Barbara, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast THz spectroscopy of photoactive biomolecules</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VII</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Jose, California</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-153</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, Jay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, Robert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THz time domain spectroscopy of biomolecular conformational modes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3797</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0031-9155</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Time domain spectroscopy of the M intermediate state of Bacteriorhodopsin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2001</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toulouse, France</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">345-348</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. G. Markelz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High field pulsed terahertz measurements of nonlinear conductivity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications. Technical Digest. Postconference Edition. TOPS Vol.46 (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37174)</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0.5 THz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2D electron gases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conductivity measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrical conductivity measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electron emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEL measurements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finite impulse response filter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high field pulsed terahertz measurements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high field pulsed terahertz spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high-speed optical techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inplane nonlinear conductivity response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LO phonon bottleneck weakening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nonlinear conductivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nonlinear optics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phonons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Power measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulse measurements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resonance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiconductor quantum wells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submillimeter wave measurements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">submillimetre wave spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two dimensional electron gases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two-dimensional electron gas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/883591/authors#authors</style></url></web-urls></urls><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postconference</style></edition><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaua&#039;i-Lihue, HI, USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105 - 106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;High field pulsed terahertz spectroscopy is used to measure the inplane nonlinear conductivity response of two dimensional electron gases. Results are compared to FEL measurements suggesting LO phonon bottleneck weakening at 0.5 THz.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roitberg, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heilweil, E. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulsed terahertz spectroscopy of DNA, bovine serum albumin and collagen between 0.1 and 2.0 THz</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chem. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">b-dna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">films</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42-48</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0009-2614</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report the first use of pulsed terahertz spectroscopy to examine low-frequency collective vibrational modes of biomolecules. Broadband absorption increasing with frequency was observed for lyophilized powder samples of calf thymus DNA, bovine serum albumin and collagen in the 0.06-2.00 THz (2-67 cm(-1)) frequency range, suggesting that a large number of the low-frequency collective modes for these systems are IR active. Transmission measurements at room temperature showed increasing FIR absorption with hydration and denaturing. (C) 2000 published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000086211200008</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 299RG&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 561&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 24&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Cai Y, 1998, APPL PHYS LETT, V73, P444, DOI 10.1063/1.121894&lt;br/&gt;     CARTER DC, 1994, ADV PROTEIN CHEM, V45, P153&lt;br/&gt;     Chen EF, 1998, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V37, P5589, DOI 10.1021/bi972369f&lt;br/&gt;     CHEVILLE RA, 1995, OPT LETT, V20, P1646, DOI 10.1364/OL.20.001646&lt;br/&gt;     FENG Y, 1991, PHYS REV A, V43, P1049, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.43.1049&lt;br/&gt;     Fraser R.D.B., 1973, CONFORMATION FIBROUS&lt;br/&gt;     Frushour B., 1975, ADV INFRARED RAMAN S, V1&lt;br/&gt;     GENZEL L, 1984, SPECTROSCOPY BIOL MO, P609&lt;br/&gt;     GRIEBENOW K, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P10969, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.24.10969&lt;br/&gt;     HAYWARD S, 1995, ANNU REV PHYS CHEM, V46, P223, DOI 10.1146/annurev.pc.46.100195.001255&lt;br/&gt;     KATZENELLENBOGE.N, 1992, ULTRA WIDEBAND SHORT&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P10373, DOI 10.1021/jp960141g&lt;br/&gt;     LINDSAY SM, 1988, BIOPOLYMERS, V27, P1015, DOI 10.1002/bip.360270610&lt;br/&gt;     Lisy V, 1997, J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN, V14, P517, DOI 10.1080/07391102.1997.10508150&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 1998, APPL PHYS LETT, V72, P2229, DOI 10.1063/1.121329&lt;br/&gt;     Nossal R. J., 1991, MOL CELL BIOPHYSICS&lt;br/&gt;     POWELL JW, 1987, PHYS REV A, V35, P3929, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.35.3929&lt;br/&gt;     POWELL JW, 1991, J MOL STRUCT, V247, P119&lt;br/&gt;     ROITBERG A, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P1319, DOI 10.1126/science.7539156&lt;br/&gt;     WEIDLICH T, 1990, BIOPOLYMERS, V30, P477, DOI 10.1002/bip.360300324&lt;br/&gt;     WEIDLICH T, 1990, J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN, V8, P139, DOI 10.1080/07391102.1990.10507795&lt;br/&gt;     WITTLIN A, 1986, PHYS REV A, V34, P493, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.34.493&lt;br/&gt;     YOUNG L, 1990, PHYS REV A, V41, P7020, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.41.7020&lt;br/&gt;     ZHUANG W, 1990, PHYS REV A, V41, P7033, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.41.7033&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG Roitberg, A Heilweil, EJ&lt;br/&gt;Roitberg, Adrian/A-2378-2009&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;598&lt;br/&gt;7&lt;br/&gt;235&lt;br/&gt;Elsevier science bv&lt;br/&gt;Amsterdam</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lucent Technol, Mat Phys Res, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relaxation times in InAs/AlSb quantum wells </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.121377</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2439</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heilweil, E. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature-dependent terahertz output from semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive switches</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pulses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiconductor surfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transmission spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2229-2231</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The temperature dependence of the terahertz (THz) output power and spectra from biased photoconductive switches was measured for several antenna gap widths and applied biases. The spectrally integrated THz output had a nonmonotonic temperature dependence in all cases with the value increasing by a factor of 3 from room temperature to 150 K for low biases and 100 K at high biases. An abrupt decrease in output power occurs below 90 K, and the spectrum shifts to lower frequencies as the temperature is lowered. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000073362300011</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: ZK775&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 22&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 21&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Brener I, 1996, OPT LETT, V21, P1924, DOI 10.1364/OL.21.001924&lt;br/&gt;     BRORSON SD, 1994, APPL PHYS LETT, V64, P2385, DOI 10.1063/1.111622&lt;br/&gt;     CHEVILLE RA, 1995, OPT LETT, V20, P1646, DOI 10.1364/OL.20.001646&lt;br/&gt;     Flanders BN, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P11824, DOI 10.1021/jp960953c&lt;br/&gt;     Haran G, 1997, CHEM PHYS LETT, V274, P365, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00705-7&lt;br/&gt;     HU BB, 1990, APPL PHYS LETT, V57, P2629, DOI 10.1063/1.103829&lt;br/&gt;     HU BB, 1995, PHYS REV LETT, V74, P1689, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1689&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 1996, J OPT SOC AM B, V13, P2424, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.002424&lt;br/&gt;     KATZENELLENBOGE.N, 1992, ULTRA WIDEBAND SHORT&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P10373, DOI 10.1021/jp960141g&lt;br/&gt;     Nahata A, 1996, APPL PHYS LETT, V69, P2321, DOI 10.1063/1.117511&lt;br/&gt;     NUSS MC, 1987, PHYS REV LETT, V58, P2355, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2355&lt;br/&gt;     NUSS MC, 1991, PHYS REV LETT, V66, P3305, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.3305&lt;br/&gt;     PARKS B, 1995, PHYS REV LETT, V74, P3265, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3265&lt;br/&gt;     RALPH SE, 1992, PHOTO INDUCED SPACE, V261&lt;br/&gt;     RODRIGUEZ G, 1994, OPT LETT, V19, P1194&lt;br/&gt;     SAETA PN, 1992, APPL PHYS LETT, V60, P1477, DOI 10.1063/1.107276&lt;br/&gt;     WANG HH, 1993, J ELECTRON MATER, V22, P1461, DOI 10.1007/BF02649999&lt;br/&gt;     Wang S, 1989, FUNDAMENTALS SEMICON&lt;br/&gt;     ZHANG XC, 1990, APPL PHYS LETT, V56, P1011, DOI 10.1063/1.102601&lt;br/&gt;     ZHANG XC, 1994, APPL PHYS LETT, V64, P622, DOI 10.1063/1.111069&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG Heilweil, EJ&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;22&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;6&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Woodbury</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brar, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interband impact ionization by terahertz illumination of InAs heterostructures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">far-infrared excitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inas/alsb quantum-wells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inplane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3975-3977</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Experimental studies of InAs heterostructures illuminated by far-infrared (FIR) radiation reveal an abrupt increase in the charge density for FIR intensities above a threshold value that rises with increasing frequency. We attribute this charge density rise to interband impact ionization in a regime in which omega tau(m) similar to 1, where tau(m) is the momentum relaxation time, and f=omega/2 pi is the FIR frequency. The dependence of the density rise on the FIR field strength supports this interpretation, and gives threshold fields of 3.7-8.9 kV/cm for the frequency range 0.3-0.66 THz. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1996VY89400005</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: VY894&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 91&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 17&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     ASMAR NG, 1995, PHYS REV B, V51, P18041, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.18041&lt;br/&gt;     Asmar NG, 1996, APPL PHYS LETT, V68, P829, DOI 10.1063/1.116547&lt;br/&gt;     BAIER HU, 1986, SOLID STATE COMMUN, V58, P327, DOI 10.1016/0038-1098(86)90094-3&lt;br/&gt;     BLOEMBER.N, 1974, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, VQE10, P375, DOI 10.1109/JQE.1974.1068132&lt;br/&gt;     BOLOGNESI CR, 1994, IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L, V15, P16, DOI 10.1109/55.289476&lt;br/&gt;     CERNE J, 1995, PHYS REV B, V51, P5253, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.5253&lt;br/&gt;     GANICHEV SD, 1986, ZH EKSP TEOR FIZ+, V90, P445&lt;br/&gt;     GAUER C, 1994, SEMICOND SCI TECH, V9, P1580, DOI 10.1088/0268-1242/9/9/002&lt;br/&gt;     Kochman B, 1996, APPL PHYS LETT, V68, P1936, DOI 10.1063/1.115631&lt;br/&gt;     MARKELZ AG, 1994, SOLID STATE ELECTRON, V37, P1243, DOI 10.1016/0038-1101(94)90399-9&lt;br/&gt;     MARKELZ AG, 1994, SEMICOND SCI TECH, V9, P634, DOI 10.1088/0268-1242/9/5S/063&lt;br/&gt;     NGUYEN C, 1993, J VAC SCI TECHNOL B, V11, P1706, DOI 10.1116/1.586509&lt;br/&gt;     NGUYEN C, 1993, J ELECTRON MATER, V22, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF02665035&lt;br/&gt;     TUTTLE G, 1990, J APPL PHYS, V67, P3032, DOI 10.1063/1.345426&lt;br/&gt;     Walpole J. N., 1971, Journal of Applied Physics, V42, P5609, DOI 10.1063/1.1659990&lt;br/&gt;     WHITE CRH, 1991, APPL PHYS LETT, V58, P1164, DOI 10.1063/1.104352&lt;br/&gt;     XIE H, 1994, J APPL PHYS, V76, P92, DOI 10.1063/1.357065&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG Asmar, NG Brar, B Gwinn, EG&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;92&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;6&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Melville&lt;br/&gt;1077-3118</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, DEPT PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, DEPT ELECT &amp; COMP ENGN, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear response of quantum-confined electrons in nonparabolic subbands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Applied Physics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2533-2535</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0021-8979</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We show that quantum confinement can dramatically alter the density-dependence of the third-order susceptibility, chi(NP)((3)) that arises from band nonparabolicity. Our results predict an oscillatory dependence of the efficiencies for third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing on the subband occupation of quantum wells, and for narrow wells with high charge densities predict an enhancement over the bulk susceptibility. We also make a simple estimate of the fields required to saturate this nonparabolicity contribution to chi((3)). We discuss these results in light of recent experiments on third-harmonic generation from narrow-gap quantum wells at frequencies of similar to 1 THz, and show that nonparabolicity may not be the only nonlinearity contributing to the large chi((3)) observed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1996VD53200087</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature of quasi-two-dimensional electron gases under steady-state terahertz drive</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hot-electrons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">829-831</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We use photoluminescence to study the time-average energy distribution of electrons in the presence of strong steady-state drive at terahertz (THz) frequencies, in a modulation-doped 125 Angstrom AlGaAs/GaAs square well that is held at low lattice temperature TL. We find that the energy distribution can be characterized by an effective electron temperature, T-e(&amp;gt;T-L), that agrees well with values estimated from the THz-illuminated, dc conductivity. This agreement indicates that under strong THz drive, LO phonon scattering dominates both energy and momentum relaxation; that the carrier distribution maintains a heated, thermal form; and that phonon drift effects are negligible. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1996TT66300035</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: TT663&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 59&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 12&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     ASMAR NG, 1995, PHYS REV B, V51, P18041, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.18041&lt;br/&gt;     BETHUNE DS, 1989, J OPT SOC AM B, V6, P910, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.6.000910&lt;br/&gt;     CERNE J, 1995, PHYS REV B, V51, P5253, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.5253&lt;br/&gt;     CONWELL E, 1967, SOLID STATE PHYS S, V9&lt;br/&gt;     GUPTA R, 1992, PHYS REV B, V46, P7745, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.7745&lt;br/&gt;     HEYMAN JN, 1994, PHYS REV LETT, V72, P2183, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.2183&lt;br/&gt;     KOMIYAMA S, 1985, PHYS REV B, V32, P5532, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.32.5532&lt;br/&gt;     MARKELZ AG, 1994, SOLID STATE ELECTRON, V37, P1243, DOI 10.1016/0038-1101(94)90399-9&lt;br/&gt;     MARKELZ AG, 1995, THESIS U CALIFORNIA&lt;br/&gt;     SHAH J, 1984, APPL PHYS LETT, V44, P322, DOI 10.1063/1.94739&lt;br/&gt;     SHAH J, 1978, SOLID STATE ELECTRON, V21, P43, DOI 10.1016/0038-1101(78)90113-2&lt;br/&gt;     YANG CH, 1985, PHYS REV LETT, V55, P2359, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2359&lt;br/&gt;Asmar, NG Cerne, J Markelz, AG Gwinn, EG Sherwin, MS Campman, KL Gossard, AC&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;59&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;7&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Woodbury</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,CTR FREE ELECTRON LASER STUDIES,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT ELECT &amp; COMP ENGN,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106.&lt;br/&gt;Asmar, NG (corresponding author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanke, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unterrainer, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhatt, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Third Harmonic Generation in a Gaas/Algaas Superlattice in the Bloch Oscillator Regime</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hot Carriers in Semiconductors</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781461380351</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plenum Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eds. Hess, Karl, Leburton, J.P., Ravaioli, U.</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-163</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, J. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undressing a collective intersubband excitation in a quantum well</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar 25</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2382-2385</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0031-9007</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We have experimentally measured the 1-2 intersubband absorption in a single 40 nm wide modulation-doped Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs square quantum well as a function of frequency, intensity, and charge density. The low-intensity depolarization-shifted absorption occurs near 80 cm(-1) (10 meV or 2.4 THz), nearly 30% higher than the intersubband spacing. At higher intensities, the absorption peak shifts to lower frequencies. Our data are in good agreement with a theory proposed by Zaluzny, which attributes the redshift to a reduction in the depolarization shift as the excited subband becomes populated.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1996UB14800044</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;78</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fafard, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NONLINEAR QUANTUM DYNAMICS IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica D-Nonlinear Phenomena</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-242</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0167-2789</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We discuss recent measurements of the nonlinear response of electrons in wide quantum wells driven by intense electromagnetic radiation at terahertz frequencies. The theme is the interplay of quantum mechanics, strong periodic driving, the electron-electron interaction and dissipation. We discuss harmonic generation from an asymmetric double quantum well in which the effects of dynamic screening are important. Measurements and theory are found to be in good agreement. We also discuss intensity-dependent absorption in a 400 Angstrom square quantum well. A new nonlinear quantum effect occurs, in which the frequency at which electromagnetic radiation is absorbed shifts to the red with increasing intensity. The preliminary experimental results are in agreement with a theory by Zaluzny, in which the source of the nonlinearity is the self-consistent potential in the Hartree approximation for the electron dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995RA41200018</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;14th Annual International Conference of the Center-for-Nonlinear-Studies - Quantum Complexity in Mesoscopic Systems&lt;br/&gt;May 16-20, 1994&lt;br/&gt;Los alamos, nm&lt;br/&gt;Ctr nonlinear studies&lt;br/&gt;34</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sundaram, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanson, P. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bimberg, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUENCHING OF EXCITONIC QUANTUM-WELL PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BY INTENSE FAR-INFRARED RADIATION - FREE-CARRIER HEATING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5253-5262</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995QP75800064</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;29</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESONANT-ENERGY RELAXATION OF TERAHERTZ-DRIVEN 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18041-18044</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995RF85700093</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;119</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiao, Jung-Chih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yongjun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hacker, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crowe, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rutledge, David</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz grid frequency doublers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Sixth Intl. Symp. Space Terahertz Tech</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.nrao.edu/meetings/isstt/papers/1995/1995199206.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citeseer</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanke, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unterrainer, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhatt, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Third harmonic generation in a GaAs/AlGaAs Superlattice in the Bloch Oscillator Regime</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Conference on Hot Carriers in Seminconductors</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/1995</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chicago, IL</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-163</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DC TRANSPORT IN INTENSE, INPLANE TERAHERTZ ELECTRIC-FIELDS IN AL(X)GA(1-X)AS HETEROSTRUCTURES AT 300-K</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solid-State Electronics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">693-695</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0038-1101</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report 300 K studies of the dependence of the in-plane, d.c. conductivity, sigma(d.c.) (E(omega)), of a quasi 2D electron gas on the amplitude E(omega) and frequency of intense, far-infrared fields (omega/2pi = 0.24-3.5 THz). We measure sigma(d.c.) (E(omega) parallel-to E(d.c.)), where E(d.c.) is a small sensing field, and observe a monotonic decrease in sigma(d.c.) with increasing E(omega). Although a simple scaling ansatz collapses the measured sigma(d.c.) (E(omega)) data onto a single curve for frequencies from 0.25-3.45 THz (at low to moderate scaled fields), the decrease in conductivity is substantially more rapid than expected from comparison to similar data taken by Masselink et al. [Solid-St. Electron. 31, 337 (1988)] at 35 GHz. We tentatively attribute this difference to effects of a high-frequency modulation in the electron temperature.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NE79600042</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;6th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures&lt;br/&gt;Aug 23-27, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Garmisch partenkir, germany&lt;br/&gt;Tech univ munchen, walter schottky inst&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENERGY RELAXATION AT THZ FREQUENCIES IN ALXGA1-XAS HETEROSTRUCTURES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiconductor Science and Technology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semicond. Sci. Technol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">828-830</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0268-1242</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report 4.2 K studies of the dependence of the in-plane, DC conductivity of a quasi 2D electron gas on the amplitude E(omega) of applied fields with frequencies from 0.25 THz to 3.5 THz. We analyse the dependence of sigma(DC) on E(omega) assuming that electron-optical phonon scattering dominates energy relaxation, that the absorbed power has a Drude form and that the electron distribution is thermal. This simple analysis is self-consistent: Arrhenius plots of the estimated energy loss rate have a slope near -homega(LO)BAR/k(B) for all frequencies, as expected for energy loss by optical phonon emission. We find that the effective energy relaxation time tau(epsilon) varies with the frequency of the applied field, from tau(epsilon) approximately 4 ps at 0.34 THz to tau(epsilon) approximately 0.3 ps at 3.45 THz. This may indicate a frequency-dependent form for the hot-phonon distribution.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NM75300116</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;S&lt;br/&gt;8th International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors&lt;br/&gt;Aug 16-20, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Oxford univ, oxford, england&lt;br/&gt;Sci &amp; engn res council; royal soc; brit council; oxford univ&lt;br/&gt;2</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroemer, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Far-infrared harmonic generation from semiconductor heterostructures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPIE Proceedings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1854</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48-55</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FAR-INFRARED SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY OF A SINGLE SQUARE-WELL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiconductor Science and Technology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semicond. Sci. Technol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">627-629</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0268-1242</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We have performed saturation spectroscopy measurements of the lowest intersubband transition in a single 400 angstrom GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As modulation-doped square quantum well. We couple intense tunable far-infrared radiation from the Santa Barbara free electron laser into our sample using an edge-coupling technique and measure absorption as a function of frequency and intensity. Saturation and frequency shifts in the absorption line are clearly observed. We attribute the frequency shifts to reductions in the many-body depolarization shift. From our preliminary measurements, we estimate the intersubband relaxation time to be 600 ps to within a factor of three.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NM75300061</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;S&lt;br/&gt;8th International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors&lt;br/&gt;Aug 16-20, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Oxford univ, oxford, england&lt;br/&gt;Sci &amp; engn res council; royal soc; brit council; oxford univ&lt;br/&gt;31</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brar, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroemer, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frequency Dependence of the Third Order Susceptibility of InAs Quantum Wells at Terahertz Frequencies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/1994</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1193-1196</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroemer, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIANT 3RD-ORDER NONLINEAR SUSCEPTIBILITIES FOR INPLANE FAR-INFRARED EXCITATION OF SINGLE INAS QUANTUM-WELLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solid-State Electronics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1243-1245</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0038-1101</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Third-order, free-carrier nonlinear susceptibilities, chi(3), have been measured between 19 and 23 cm-1 for three InAs/AlSb quantum wells with sheet densities between 2.5 x 10(12) cm-2 and 8 x 10(12) cm-2. We find that these wells are strongly nonlinear at far-infrared frequencies: odd harmonics ninth order have been observed at high incident intensities, and the peak value of chi(3) reaches approximately 1 esu. This is several orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values for chi(3) in bulk n-GaAs (10(-4) esu)[1] and in polyacetylene (10(-7) esu)[2]. The large magnitude of chi(3) is attributed to the high carrier density in the InAs wells, and to the strong non-parabolicity of the conduction band in InAs. However, the free-carrier chi(3) for bulk InAs predicts a density-dependence different from that observed, and the measured decrease in chi(3) with increasing intensity indicates non-perturbative response. We find that the anisotropy of chi(3) displays the expected 4-fold symmetry.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NE79600163</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;6th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures&lt;br/&gt;Aug 23-27, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Garmisch partenkir, germany&lt;br/&gt;Tech univ munchen, walter schottky inst&lt;br/&gt;9</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guimaraes, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaminski, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keay, B. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramian, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chow, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lui, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, T. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBING TERAHERTZ DYNAMICS IN SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES WITH UCSB FREE-ELECTRON LASERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Luminescence</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60-1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250-255</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-2313</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The UCSB free-electron lasers provide kilowatts of continuously tunable radiation from 120 GHz to 4.8 THz. They have the most impact on terahertz science and technology that require a tunable, high power source to explore non-linear dynamics or that sacrifice incident power to recover the linear response of systems with very small cross-section. We describe three experiments that demonstrate the utility of these lasers in experiments on the terahertz dynamics of semiconductor nanostructures: (i) terahertz dynamics of resonant tunneling diodes, (ii) saturation spectroscopy of quantum wells and (iii) photon-assisted tunneling in superlattices.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NR36100065</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017; Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio Soares/B-6918-2012&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio Soares/0000-0002-0113-2641; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;1993 International Conference on Luminescence (ICL 93)&lt;br/&gt;Aug 09-13, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Univ connecticut, storrs, ct&lt;br/&gt;Univ connecticut; opt soc amer; amer phys soc; ieee, laser &amp; electro opt soc; int union pure &amp; appl phys; int sci fdn; univ connecticut res fdn&lt;br/&gt;3</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroemer, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUBCUBIC POWER DEPENDENCE OF 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION FOR INPLANE, FAR-INFRARED EXCITATION OF INAS QUANTUM-WELLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiconductor Science and Technology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semicond. Sci. Technol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">634-637</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0268-1242</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Large third-order, free-carrier nonlinear susceptibilities, chi(3) (to approximately 0.2 esu), and subcubic dependence of the third-harmonic power on the incident intensity, have been observed between 19 cm-1 and 23 cm-1 for InAs/AlSb quantum wells with electron sheet densities between 2.5 x 10(12) cm-2 and 8 X 10(12) cm-2. We find that the transmission of the fundamental, and the samples&#039; DC conductivity, decrease with increasing incident intensity, indicating a large rise in the scattering rate. Using the intensity-dependent transmission to account for absorption in the sample is not sufficient to recover a cubic power law for the third-harmonic intensity. In addition, given the increased scattering rate indicated by the conductivity data, the bulk free-carrier chi(3) due to non-parabolicity should decrease dramatically with increasing fundamental intensity, contrary to our results. Thus, non-parabolicity alone cannot account for the observed third-harmonic response.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NM75300063</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;S&lt;br/&gt;8th International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors&lt;br/&gt;Aug 16-20, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Oxford univ, oxford, england&lt;br/&gt;Sci &amp; engn res council; royal soc; brit council; oxford univ&lt;br/&gt;4</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bewley, W. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sundaram, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birnir, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Far-infrared nonlinear response of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPIE Proceedings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1854</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huitgren, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamilton, J. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCarty, K. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Site-selective oxygen-isotope substitution in YBa2Cu3O7−δ</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.9556</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report selective substitution of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 isotopes into the inequivalent oxygen lattice sites in &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-4-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-27&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-28&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-29&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-30&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-31&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-32&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;YBa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-33&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-34&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-5-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-35&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-36&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-37&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-38&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-39&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-40&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;Cu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-41&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-42&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-6-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-43&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-44&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-45&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-46&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-47&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-48&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.242em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-49&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-50&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-51&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.27em; padding-bottom: 0.404em;&quot;&gt;−&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-52&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.471em; padding-bottom: 0.27em; padding-right: 0.007em;&quot;&gt;δ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The technique involves gas-phase diffusion and exploits the site dependence of diffusion rates. The &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-7-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-53&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-54&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-55&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-56&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-57&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-58&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;CuO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-59&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-60&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-plane [O(2),O(3)] sites of &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-8-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-61&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-62&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-63&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-64&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-65&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-66&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;YBa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-67&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-68&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-9-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-69&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-70&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-71&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-72&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-73&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-74&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;Cu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-75&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-76&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-10-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-77&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-78&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-79&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-80&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-81&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-82&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.242em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-83&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-84&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-85&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.27em; padding-bottom: 0.404em;&quot;&gt;−&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-86&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.471em; padding-bottom: 0.27em; padding-right: 0.007em;&quot;&gt;δ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; can be filled with &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-11-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-87&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-88&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-89&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-90&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mmultiscripts&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-prestack&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: -0.247em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-presup&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0.671em; padding-left: 0.05em; padding-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-94&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-95&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-97&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-91&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-92&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; while the apical [O(4)] and CuO-chain sites [O(1)] contain &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-12-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-98&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-99&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-100&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-101&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mmultiscripts&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-prestack&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: -0.247em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-presup&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0.671em; padding-left: 0.05em; padding-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-105&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-106&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-108&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-102&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-103&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (the opposite distribution can also be made). The site-selective isotope occupation has been confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Our method will permit experiments to determine the contributions of the different oxygen sites to the isotope effect, in order to locate the pairing interaction within the unit cell.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9556</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gronksy, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fendorf, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burmester, C. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conversion of 124 and 123 + cupric oxide:  microstructure and phase diagram</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fayn, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONVERSION OF 124 INTO 123+CUO AND 124, 123 AND 247 PHASE REGIONS IN THE Y-BA-CU-O SYSTEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica C</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">168</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153-160</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0921-4534</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1990DL38100022</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;76</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scheven, U. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hultgren, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heaney, P. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veblen, D. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hazen, R. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8 NEW HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS WITH THE 1-2-4 STRUCTURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7347-7350</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1989T985500074</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scheven, Ulrich/D-7582-2013&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319; Scheven, Ulrich/0000-0001-8111-0081&lt;br/&gt;B&lt;br/&gt;241</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hultgren, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OXYGEN CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON TC OF THE BI-CA-SR-CU-O SUPERCONDUCTOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6612-6614</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1989T985400040</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A&lt;br/&gt;155</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuroda, R. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SMALL OXYGEN ISOTOPE SHIFT IN YBA2CU3O7</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5936-5939</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1988M824000089</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;B&lt;br/&gt;74</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fisher, R. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lacy, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillips, N. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ginley, D. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPECIFIC-HEAT MEASUREMENTS ON SUPERCONDUCTING BI-CA-SR-CU AND TL-CA-BA-CU OXIDES - ABSENCE OF A LINEAR TERM IN THE SPECIFIC-HEAT OF BI-CA-SR-CU OXIDES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11942-11945</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1988R274300075</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fisher, Robert Anthony/H-6779-2019&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;B&lt;br/&gt;68</style></notes></record></records></xml>