<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional-State Dependence of Picosecond Protein Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. Chem. B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11134-11140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;We examine temperature-dependent picosecond dynamics of two benchmarking proteins lysozyme and cytochrome &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt; using temperature-dependent terahertz permittivity measurements. We find that a double Arrhenius temperature dependence with activation energies &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∼ 0.1 kJ/mol and &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∼ 10 kJ/mol fits the folded and ligand-free state response. The higher activation energy is consistent with the so-called protein dynamical transition associated with beta relaxations at the solvent–protein interface. The lower activation energy is consistent with correlated structural motions. When the structure is removed by denaturing, the lower-activation-energy process is no longer present. Additionally, the lower-activation-energy process is diminished with ligand binding but not for changes in the internal oxidation state. We suggest that the lower-energy activation process is associated with collective structural motions that are no longer accessible with denaturing or binding.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11134</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crossen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lechno-Yossef, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerfeld, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence of Intramolecular Structural Stabilization in Light Activated State of Orange Carotenoid Protein</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">208A-208A</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) controls efficiency of the light harvesting antenna, the phycobilisome (PBS), in diverse cyanobacteria and prevents oxidative damage. It is the only known photoactive protein that uses a carotenoid, canthaxanthin, as its chromophore. The structure of OCP consists of two globular domains, connected by an unstructured loop, that forms a hydrophobic pocket for the carotenoid. In low light, canthaxanthin bound OCP is inactive and appears orange. Illumination by strong light results in an active state that interacts with the PBS to induce fluorescence quenching, a red appearance and conformational changes that include a 12Å shift by canthaxanthin into the N-terminal domain. Terahertz (THz) dynamical transition measurements and anisotropic terahertz microscopy are used to measure the intramolecular structural dynamics in the inactive and active states, which can be induced by photoexcitation or chaotropic salts. The measurements indicate that the active state has a decrease in structural flexibility, which may be related to enhanced interactions with the PBS.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000513023201290</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: KK8YX&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 0&lt;br/&gt;McKinney, Jeffrey A. Sharma, Akansha Crossen, Kimberly Deng, Yanting George, Deepu K. Lechno-Yossef, Sigal Kerfeld, Cheryl Markelz, Andrea G.&lt;br/&gt;64th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Feb 15-19, 2020&lt;br/&gt;San Diego, CA&lt;br/&gt;Biophys Soc&lt;br/&gt;NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 1556359, MCB 1616529]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]; NIH STTRUnited States Department of Health &amp; Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R41 GM125486]&lt;br/&gt;This work is supported by NSF grants DBI 1556359 and MCB 1616529, DOE grant DE-SC0016317 and NIH STTR R41 GM125486.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;2&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[McKinney, Jeffrey A.|Sharma, Akansha|Crossen, Kimberly|Deng, Yanting|George, Deepu K.|Markelz, Andrea G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY USA. [Lechno-Yossef, Sigal] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl] Michigan State Univ, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab LBNL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukherjee, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arik, M. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, C. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kirzhner, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armitage, N. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koren, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear dichroism infrared resonance in overdoped, underdoped, and optimally doped cuprate superconductors</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Rev. B</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Materials Science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2469-9950</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;By measuring the polarization changes in terahertz, infrared, and visible radiation over an extended energy range (3-2330 meV), we observe symmetry breaking in cuprate high-temperature superconductors over wide energy, doping, and temperature ranges. We measure the polarization rotation (Re[theta(F)]) and ellipticity (Im[theta(F)]) of transmitted radiation through thin films as the sample is rotated. We observe a twofold rotational symmetry in theta(F), which is associated with linear dichroism (LD) and occurs when electromagnetic radiation polarized along one direction is absorbed more strongly than radiation polarized in the perpendicular direction. Such polarization anisotropies can be generally associated with symmetry breakings. We measure the amplitude of the LD signal and study its temperature, energy, and doping dependence. The LD signal shows a resonant behavior with a peak in the few hundred meV range, which is coincident with the midinfrared optical feature that has been associated with the formation of the pseudogap state. The strongest LD signal is found in underdoped films, although it is also observed in optimally and overdoped samples. The LD signal is consistent with an electronic nematic order which is decoupled from the crystallographic axes as well as novel magnetoelectric effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000562627700004</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: NE5GO&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 30&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Acbas G, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V103, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.137201&lt;br/&gt;     Armitage NP, 2014, PHYS REV B, V90, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.035135&lt;br/&gt;     Arpaia R, 2018, PHY REV MATER, V2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.024804&lt;br/&gt;     Basov DN, 2005, REV MOD PHYS, V77, P721, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.721&lt;br/&gt;     Blumberg G, 1996, PHYS REV B, V53, P11930, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.R11930&lt;br/&gt;     Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV LETT, V84, P3418, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3418&lt;br/&gt;     Fauque B, 2006, PHYS REV LETT, V96, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.197001&lt;br/&gt;     Fridman I, 2011, PHYS REV B, V84, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.104522&lt;br/&gt;     George DK, 2012, J OPT SOC AM B, V29, P1406, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.29.001406&lt;br/&gt;     Halperin B. 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Seo, J. Arik, M. M. Zhang, H. Zhang, C. C. Kirzhner, T. George, D. K. Markelz, A. G. Armitage, N. P. Koren, G. Wei, J. Y. T. Cerne, J.&lt;br/&gt;NSF-DMR GrantNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1410599]; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [MCB 1616529, DMR 1905519]; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0016317]; NSERCNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); CFI-OITCanada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Institute for Advanced ResearchCanadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)&lt;br/&gt;We are indebted to D. Hsieh, S. A. Kivelson, C. M. Varma, and L. Zhao for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from NSF-DMR Grant No. 1410599 (J.C.). A.G.M. and D.K.G. were supported by NSF Grant No. MCB 1616529 and DOE Grant No. DE-SC0016317. Work in Toronto was supported by NSERC, CFI-OIT, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. J.Y.T.W. thanks Kejun Xu for laboratory assistance in Toronto. N.P.A. was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR 1905519.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;9&lt;br/&gt;Amer physical soc&lt;br/&gt;College pk&lt;br/&gt;2469-9969</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">054520</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Mukherjee, A.|Seo, J.|Arik, M. M.|George, D. K.|Markelz, A. G.|Cerne, J.] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Zhang, H.|Zhang, C. C.|Wei, J. Y. T.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Kirzhner, T.|Koren, G.] Technion, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys &amp; Astron, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Mukherjee, A (corresponding author), Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crossen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinney, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerfeld, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is the Protein Dynamical Transition useful?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521a</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niessen, Katherine A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Mengyang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Deepu K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Michael C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferré-D’Amaré, Adrian R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snell, Edward H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cody, Vivian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pace, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Marius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein and RNA dynamical fingerprinting</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-10</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2041-1723</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhillon, S. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitiello, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linfield, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoffmann, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Booske, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoloni, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gensch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weightman, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, G. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro-Camus, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cumming, D. R. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simoens, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escorcia-Carranza, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grant, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucyszyn, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuwata-Gonokami, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konishi, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmuttenmaer, C. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cocker, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huber, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor, Z. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallace, V. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeitler, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibik, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korter, T. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellison, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rea, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goldsmith, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooper, K. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appleby, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardo, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huggard, P. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krozer, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shams, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fice, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renaud, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stohr, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naftaly, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridler, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarke, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunningham, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, M. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ex-vivo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metal wave-guides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">near-field</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoconductive emitters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantum-cascade lasers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiconductors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">time-domain spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-3727</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Science and technologies based on terahertz frequency electromagnetic radiation (100 GHz-30 THz) have developed rapidly over the last 30 years. For most of the 20th Century, terahertz radiation, then referred to as sub-millimeter wave or far-infrared radiation, was mainly utilized by astronomers and some spectroscopists. Following the development of laser based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the 1980s and 1990s the field of THz science and technology expanded rapidly, to the extent that it now touches many areas from fundamental science to &#039;real world&#039; applications. For example THz radiation is being used to optimize materials for new solar cells, and may also be a key technology for the next generation of airport security scanners. While the field was emerging it was possible to keep track of all new developments, however now the field has grown so much that it is increasingly difficult to follow the diverse range of new discoveries and applications that are appearing. At this point in time, when the field of THz science and technology is moving from an emerging to a more established and interdisciplinary field, it is apt to present a roadmap to help identify the breadth and future directions of the field. The aim of this roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of THz science and technology in 2017, and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds. To be able to achieve this aim, we have invited a group of international experts to write 18 sections that cover most of the key areas of THz science and technology. We hope that The 2017 Roadmap on THz science and technology will prove to be a useful resource by providing a wide ranging introduction to the capabilities of THz radiation for those outside or just entering the field as well as providing perspective and breadth for those who are well established. We also feel that this review should serve as a useful guide for government and funding agencies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000392153700001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: EI0HL&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 541&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 209&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Adam AJL, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P976, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9809-2&lt;br/&gt;     Ahmed SS, 2012, IEEE MICROW MAG, V13, P26, DOI 10.1109/MMM.2012.2205772&lt;br/&gt;     Alliance N., 2015, CISC VIS NETW IND GL, P1&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2013, 178512012 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2014, IEEE T ELECT DEVICES, V61&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2012, 178522016 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2015, P17852 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     Appleby R, 2015, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V9462&lt;br/&gt;     Arnone DD, 1999, PROC SPIE, V3828, P209, DOI 10.1117/12.361037&lt;br/&gt;     Ashworth PC, 2009, OPT EXPRESS, V17, P12444, DOI 10.1364/OE.17.012444&lt;br/&gt;     AUSTON DH, 1988, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, V24, P184, DOI 10.1109/3.114&lt;br/&gt;     Barbieri S, 2011, NAT PHOTONICS, V5, P306, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.49, 10.1038/nphoton.2011.49]&lt;br/&gt;     Barker RJ., 2005, MODERN MICROWAVE MIL&lt;br/&gt;     Basov DN, 2011, REV MOD PHYS, V83, P471, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.83.471&lt;br/&gt;     Bauwens M. 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S. Vitiello, M. S. Linfield, E. H. Davies, A. G. Hoffmann, Matthias C. Booske, John Paoloni, Claudio Gensch, M. Weightman, P. Williams, G. P. Castro-Camus, E. Cumming, D. R. S. Simoens, F. Escorcia-Carranza, I. Grant, J. Lucyszyn, Stepan Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto Konishi, Kuniaki Koch, Martin Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Cocker, Tyler L. Huber, Rupert Markelz, A. G. Taylor, Z. D. Wallace, Vincent P. Zeitler, J. Axel Sibik, Juraj Korter, Timothy M. Ellison, B. Rea, S. Goldsmith, P. Cooper, Ken B. Appleby, Roger Pardo, D. Huggard, P. G. Krozer, V. Shams, Haymen Fice, Martyn Renaud, Cyril Seeds, Alwyn Stoehr, Andreas Naftaly, Mira Ridler, Nick Clarke, Roland Cunningham, John E. Johnston, Michael B.&lt;br/&gt;Huggard, Peter/U-2150-2019; Konishi, Kuniaki/AAN-3624-2020; Zeitler, J. Axel/B-4885-2008; Paoloni, Claudio/AAH-9824-2019; Hoffmann, Matthias C./N-1082-2019; Wallace, Vincent P/A-9320-2012; Johnston, Michael/B-9813-2008; Castro-Camus, Enrique/V-6861-2019; Krozer, Viktor/P-5623-2014; Hoffmann, Matthias C/B-3893-2009; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/AAA-3211-2020; Gonokami, Makoto/F-3641-2012; Shams, Haymen/H-3754-2012; Ridler, Nick/AAN-9637-2020; Huber, Rupert/N-4126-2018&lt;br/&gt;Konishi, Kuniaki/0000-0003-2389-9787; Zeitler, J. Axel/0000-0002-4958-0582; Hoffmann, Matthias C./0000-0002-3596-9853; Wallace, Vincent P/0000-0003-3814-5400; Johnston, Michael/0000-0002-0301-8033; Krozer, Viktor/0000-0002-2387-1947; Hoffmann, Matthias C/0000-0002-3596-9853; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-0265-0862; Shams, Haymen/0000-0002-5333-6478; Huber, Rupert/0000-0001-6617-9283; Davies, Alexander/0000-0002-1987-4846; Seeds, Alwyn/0000-0002-5228-627X; Castro-Camus, Enrique/0000-0002-8218-9155; Cunningham, John/0000-0002-1805-9743; Naftaly, Mira/0000-0002-0671-822X; Cumming, David/0000-0002-7838-8362&lt;br/&gt;Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)Engineering &amp; Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/P015883/1, EP/M00306X/1, EP/K023349/1, EP/M017095/1, EP/L026597/1, EP/J017671/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Natural Environment Research CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)NERC Natural Environment Research Council [NER/Z/S/2003/00642, NE/L012375/1, NER/Z/S/2000/01292] Funding Source: researchfish; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)Science &amp; Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P002056/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Direct For Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Biological InfrastructureNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Molecular and Cellular BioscienceNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1616529] Funding Source: National Science Foundation&lt;br/&gt;566&lt;br/&gt;30&lt;br/&gt;462&lt;br/&gt;Iop publishing ltd&lt;br/&gt;Bristol&lt;br/&gt;1361-6463</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">043001</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Dhillon, S. S.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Pierre Aigrain, Sorbonne Paris Cite,Ecole Normale Super,PSL Res U, F-75231 Paris, France. [Vitiello, M. S.] CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Vitiello, M. S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Linfield, E. H.|Davies, A. G.|Cunningham, John E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hoffmann, Matthias C.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Booske, John] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Elect &amp; Comp Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Paoloni, Claudio] Univ Lancaster, Dept Engn, Lancaster, England. [Gensch, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Radiat Phys, Bautzner Landstr 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Weightman, P.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Williams, G. P.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave Suite 21, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Castro-Camus, E.] Ctr Invest Opt AC, Loma Bosque 115, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. [Cumming, D. R. S.|Escorcia-Carranza, I.|Grant, J.] Glasgow, Sch Engn, Microsyst Technol Grp, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland. [Simoens, F.] CEA Leti MINATEC, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Lucyszyn, Stepan] Imperial Coll London, Dept EEE, Ctr Terahertz Sci &amp; Engn, London, England. [Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto|Konishi, Kuniaki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Koch, Martin] Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Koch, Martin] Philipps Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, 225 Prospect St,POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.] Yale Univ, Energy Sci Inst, 225 Prospect St,POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Cocker, Tyler L.|Huber, Rupert] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt &amp; Angew Phys, Univ Str 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Markelz, A. G.] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14620 USA. [Taylor, Z. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wallace, Vincent P.] Univ Western Australia M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Zeitler, J. Axel|Sibik, Juraj] Magnet Resonance Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, JJ Thompson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Korter, Timothy M.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, 1-014 CST,111 Coll Pl, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ellison, B.|Rea, S.|Pardo, D.|Huggard, P. G.] RAL Space, STFC, Millimetre Wave Technol Grp, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Goldsmith, P.] Jet Prop Lab, M-S 180-703,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cooper, Ken B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Appleby, Roger] Innovasec Ltd, 212b West Malvern Rd, Malvern WR14 4BA, Worcs, England. [Krozer, V.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Goethe Leibniz Terahertz Ctr, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany. [Shams, Haymen|Fice, Martyn|Renaud, Cyril|Seeds, Alwyn] UCL, Dept Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England. [Stoehr, Andreas] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Engn, Dept Optoelect, Lotharstr 55, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Naftaly, Mira|Ridler, Nick] Natl Phys Lab, Div Time Quantum &amp; Electromagnet, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Clarke, Roland] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Johnston, Michael B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.&lt;br/&gt;Cunningham, JE (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.|Johnston, MB (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.&lt;br/&gt;enrique@cio.mx|david.cumming.2@glasgow.ac.uk|J.E.Cunningham@leeds.ac.uk|michael.johnston@physics.ox.ac.uk</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional State Dependence of Picosecond Protein Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arXiv:1105.4425</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://arxiv.org/0054394</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellis, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stier, A. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tischler, J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glaser, E. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myers-Ward, R. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tedesco, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eddy, C. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaskill, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-component response in multilayer graphene revealed through terahertz and infrared magneto-spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wollongong, Australia</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguilar, R. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stier, A. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilbro, L. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bansal, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oh, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armitage, N. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Response and Colossal Kerr Rotation from the Surface States of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Rev. Lett.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bi2te3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0031-9007</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report the THz response of thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3. At low frequencies, transport is essentially thickness independent showing the dominant contribution of the surface electrons. Despite their extended exposure to ambient conditions, these surfaces exhibit robust properties including narrow, almost thickness-independent Drude peaks, and an unprecedentedly large polarization rotation of linearly polarized light reflected in an applied magnetic field. This Kerr rotation can be as large as 65 degrees and can be explained by a cyclotron resonance effect of the surface states.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000300576000025</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 896NY&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 164&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 35&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Akhmerov AR, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V102, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.216404&lt;br/&gt;     Alpichshev Z, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V104, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.016401&lt;br/&gt;     Analytis JG, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.205407&lt;br/&gt;     Bansal N., ARXIV11045709&lt;br/&gt;     Benia HM, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V107, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.177602&lt;br/&gt;     Bianchi M, 2010, NAT COMMUN, V1, DOI 10.1038/ncomms1131&lt;br/&gt;     Butch NP, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.241301&lt;br/&gt;     Chen J, 2011, PHYS REV B, V83, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.241304&lt;br/&gt;     Chen YL, 2009, SCIENCE, V325, P178, DOI 10.1126/science.1173034&lt;br/&gt;     Essin AM, 2009, PHYS REV LETT, V102, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.146805&lt;br/&gt;     Eto K, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.195309&lt;br/&gt;     Fu L, 2007, PHYS REV B, V76, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045302&lt;br/&gt;     Fu L, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V100, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.096407&lt;br/&gt;     Hsieh D, 2008, NATURE, V452, P970, DOI 10.1038/nature06843&lt;br/&gt;     Hsieh D, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1101, DOI 10.1038/nature08234&lt;br/&gt;     Jenkins GS, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.125120&lt;br/&gt;     King PDC, 2011, PHYS REV LETT, V107, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.096802&lt;br/&gt;     LaForge AD, 2010, PHYS REV B, V81, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.125120&lt;br/&gt;     Lan YP, 2011, PHYS REV B, V83, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.205109&lt;br/&gt;     Maciejko J, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V105, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.166803&lt;br/&gt;     Moore JE, 2007, PHYS REV B, V75, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.121306&lt;br/&gt;     Qi XL, 2008, PHYS REV B, V78, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.195424&lt;br/&gt;     Qu DX, 2010, SCIENCE, V329, P821, DOI 10.1126/science.1189792&lt;br/&gt;     Roushan P, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1106, DOI 10.1038/nature08308&lt;br/&gt;     Roy R, 2009, PHYS REV B, V79, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195322&lt;br/&gt;     Steinberg H, 2011, PHYS REV B, V84, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.233101&lt;br/&gt;     Sushkov AB, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.125110&lt;br/&gt;     THOULESS DJ, 1982, PHYS REV LETT, V49, P405, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.405&lt;br/&gt;     Tkachov G, 2011, PHYS REV B, V84, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.035405&lt;br/&gt;     Tse WK, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.161104&lt;br/&gt;     Tse WK, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V105, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.057401&lt;br/&gt;     VONKLITZING K, 1980, PHYS REV LETT, V45, P494, DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.45.494&lt;br/&gt;     Xia Y, 2009, NAT PHYS, V5, P398, DOI 10.1038/NPHYS1274&lt;br/&gt;     Xiong J., PHYSICA A E IN PRESS&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang XA, 2010, PHYS REV B, V82, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.245107&lt;br/&gt;Aguilar, R. Valdes Stier, A. V. Liu, W. Bilbro, L. S. George, D. K. Bansal, N. Wu, L. Cerne, J. Markelz, A. G. Oh, S. Armitage, N. P.&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014; Aguilar, Rolando Valdes/A-6637-2012; Liu, Wei/H-5999-2012; Wu, Liang/C-8715-2015&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705; Aguilar, Rolando Valdes/0000-0002-4321-4792; Wu, Liang/0000-0003-1696-7809; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;&quot;Institute for Quantum Matter&quot; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationGordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [MRI-R2 0959989, DMR-1006078, DMR-0845464]; IAMDN of Rutgers University; ONROffice of Naval Research [N000140910749]; Division Of Materials ResearchNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Mathematical &amp; Physical Sciences (MPS) [0845464] Funding Source: National Science Foundation&lt;br/&gt;The authors would like to thank H. D. Drew, J. Hancock, Z. Hao, G. S. Jenkins, A. Kuzmenko, A. MacDonald, N. A. Mecholsky, A. J. Pearson, O. Tchernyshyov, W-K. Tse, and Y. Wan for helpful discussions and/or correspondences. Support for the measurements at JHU was provided under the auspices of the &quot;Institute for Quantum Matter&quot; DOE DE-FG02-08ER46544 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The work at UB was supported by NSF MRI-R2 0959989 and NSF DMR-1006078. The work at Rutgers was supported by IAMDN of Rutgers University, NSF DMR-0845464 and ONR N000140910749.&lt;br/&gt;166&lt;br/&gt;3&lt;br/&gt;157&lt;br/&gt;Amer physical soc&lt;br/&gt;College pk</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">087403</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Aguilar, R. Valdes|Stier, A. V.|Liu, W.|Bilbro, L. S.|Wu, L.|Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Aguilar, R. Valdes|Stier, A. V.|Liu, W.|Bilbro, L. S.|Wu, L.|Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys &amp; Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stier, A. V.|George, D. K.|Cerne, J.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bansal, N.|Oh, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys &amp; Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Aguilar, RV (corresponding author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.&lt;br/&gt;rvaldes@pha.jhu.edu|npa@pha.jhu.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J-Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Wenjun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence of protein collective motions on the picosecond timescale</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1058-1065</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stier, A. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koch, M.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magneto Optical Polarization Measurements using THz Polarization Modulation Spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieee</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4577-0509-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report a new broad band technique for rapidly measuring the complex Faraday and Kerr rotations in materials such as topological insulators and graphene, combining the distinct advantages of THz time domain spectroscopy and polarization modulation techniques. The performance of the system is demonstrated using GaAs two dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000330296300202</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BJT73&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 3&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P8133, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.8133&lt;br/&gt;     Crassee I, 2011, NAT PHYS, V7, P48, DOI 10.1038/NPHYS1816&lt;br/&gt;     Tse WK, 2010, PHYS REV LETT, V105, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.057401&lt;br/&gt;Stier, A. V. George, D. Markelz, A. G. Cerne, J.&lt;br/&gt;Irmmw-thz&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)&lt;br/&gt;Oct 02-07, 2011&lt;br/&gt;Houston, TX&lt;br/&gt;Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory &amp; Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705&lt;br/&gt;345 e 47th st, new york, ny 10017 usa&lt;br/&gt;2162-2027</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Stier, A. V.|George, D.|Markelz, A. G.|Cerne, J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Stier, AV (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He,Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why is THz Sensitive to Protein Functional States? Oxidation State of Cytochrome C</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Science and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.tstnetwork.org/10.11906/TST.149-162.2010.12.15/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We investigate the presence of structural collective motions on a picosecond time scale for the heme protein, cytochrome c, as a function of oxidation and hydration, using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Structural collective mode frequencies have been calculated to lie in this frequency range, and the density of states can be considered a measure of flexibility. A dramatic increase in the THz response occurs with oxidation, with the largest increase for lowest hydrations and highest frequencies. For both oxidation states the measured THz response rapidly increases with hydration saturating above ~25% (g H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O/g protein), in contrast to the rapid turn-on in dynamics observed at this hydration level for other proteins. Quasi-harmonic collective vibrational modes and dipole-dipole correlation functions are calculated from the molecular dynamics trajectories. The collective mode density of states alone reproduces the measured hydration dependence providing strong evidence of the existence of these collective motions. The large oxidation dependence is reproduced only by the dipole-dipole correlation function, indicating the contrast arises from diffusive motions consistent with structural changes occurring in the vicinity of a buried internal water molecule.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-162</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balu, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zukowski, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregurick, S. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin: Similarities and differences</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bovine rhodopsin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conformational-changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elastic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frequency normal-modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light activation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular-dynamics simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neutron-scattering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein-coupled receptors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transmembrane helices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vibrational-modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wild-type</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3217-3226</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We studied the low-frequency terahertz spectroscopy of two photoactive protein systems, rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, as a means to characterize collective low-frequency motions in helical transmembrane proteins. From this work, we found that the nature of the vibrational motions activated by terahertz radiation is surprisingly similar between these two structurally similar proteins. Specifically, at the lowest frequencies probed, the cytoplasmic loop regions of the proteins are highly active; and at the higher terahertz frequencies studied, the extracellular loop regions of the protein systems become vibrationally activated. In the case of bacteriorhodopsin, the calculated terahertz spectra are compared with the experimental terahertz signature. This work illustrates the importance of terahertz spectroscopy to identify vibrational degrees of freedom which correlate to known conformational changes in these proteins.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000254420100030</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 280IP&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 50&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 72&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Abdulaev NG, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P12854, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.22.12854&lt;br/&gt;     Alexandrov V, 2005, PROTEIN SCI, V14, P633, DOI 10.1110/ps.04882105&lt;br/&gt;     Alexiev U, 2003, J MOL BIOL, V328, P705, DOI 10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00326-7&lt;br/&gt;     Altenbach C, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V40, P15493, DOI 10.1021/bi011545o&lt;br/&gt;     AMADEI A, 1993, PROTEINS, V17, P412, DOI 10.1002/prot.340170408&lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103&lt;br/&gt;     Beck M, 1998, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V37, P7630, DOI 10.1021/bi9801560&lt;br/&gt;     Bizzarri AR, 2001, EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY, V30, P443, DOI 10.1007/s002490100167&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS B, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P6571, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.21.6571&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1995, J COMPUT CHEM, V16, P1522, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540161209&lt;br/&gt;     Bu ZM, 2000, J MOL BIOL, V301, P525, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3978&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Chen Q, 2001, J OPT SOC AM B, V18, P823, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000823&lt;br/&gt;     Chung HS, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408646102&lt;br/&gt;     Crozier PS, 2003, J MOL BIOL, V333, P493, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.08.045&lt;br/&gt;     Farrens DL, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P768, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5288.768&lt;br/&gt;     Filippovich S. 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Zhang, H. Zukowski, E. Chen, J. -Y. Markelz, A. G. Gregurick, S. K.&lt;br/&gt;Zhang, Hailiang/F-8325-2010&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;52&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;27&lt;br/&gt;Cell press&lt;br/&gt;Cambridge&lt;br/&gt;1542-0086</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Balu, R.|Zhang, H.|Zukowski, E.|Gregurick, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem &amp; Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chen, J. -Y.|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Gregurick, SK (corresponding author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem &amp; Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.&lt;br/&gt;greguric@umbe.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of Tagless Biosensors for Detecting the Presence of Pathogens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Frequency Detection and Identification of Materials and Objects</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht, The Netherlands</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ed X.-C. Zhang, R. E. Miles, H. Eisele and A. Krotkus</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-134</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein dynamical transition in terahertz dielectric response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000926140700680X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">442</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413 - 417</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0009-2614</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The 200K protein dynamical transition is observed for the first time in the terahertz dielectric response. The complex dielectric permittivity ε=ε′+iε″ is determined in the 0.2–2.0THz and 80–294K ranges. ε″ has a linear temperature dependence up to 200K then sharply increases. The low temperature linear dependence in ε″ suggests anharmonicity for temperatures 80K&amp;lt;t&amp;lt;180k, challenging=&quot;&quot; the=&quot;&quot; assumed=&quot;&quot; harmonicity=&quot;&quot; below=&quot;&quot; 200k.=&quot;&quot; temperature=&quot;&quot; dependence=&quot;&quot; is=&quot;&quot; consistent=&quot;&quot; with=&quot;&quot; thermally=&quot;&quot; activated=&quot;&quot; sidechain=&quot;&quot; motions=&quot;&quot; and=&quot;&quot; shows=&quot;&quot; involved=&quot;&quot; in=&quot;&quot; dynamical=&quot;&quot; transition=&quot;&quot; extend=&quot;&quot; to=&quot;&quot; subpicosecond=&quot;&quot; time=&quot;&quot; scales.&amp;lt;=&quot;&quot; div=&quot;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz dielectric assay of solution phase protein binding</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The authors demonstrate a method for rapid determination of protein-ligand binding on solution phase samples using terahertz dielectric spectroscopy. Measurements were performed using terahertz time domain spectroscopy on aqueous solutions below the liquid-solid transition for water. Small ligand binding sensitivity was demonstrated using triacetylglucosamine and hen egg white lysozyme with a decrease in dielectric response with binding. The magnitude of the change increases with frequency. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000247305400108</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 179QR&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 51&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 9&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103&lt;br/&gt;     Brucherseifer M, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V77, P4049, DOI 10.1063/1.1332415&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Fear G, 2007, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V113, P354, DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.09.001&lt;br/&gt;     Heugen U, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P12301, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0604897103&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     LEHRER SS, 1967, J BIOL CHEM, V242, P4644&lt;br/&gt;     Menikh A, 2004, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V20, P658, DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.006&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2006, PROTEIN SCI, V15, P1175, DOI 10.1110/ps.062073506&lt;br/&gt;Chen, Jing-Yin Knab, J. 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A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reno, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sadofyev, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Y. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bird, J. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz transmission characteristics of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field-effect transistors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoconductivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plasma-waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resonant detection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subterahertz</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Frequency-dependent complex conductivity of high-mobility GaAs and InAs two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) systems is studied by terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Determining the momentum relaxation time from a Drude model, the authors find a lower value than that from dc measurements, particularly at high frequencies/low temperatures. These deviations are consistent with the ratio tau(t)/tau(q,) where tau(q) is the full scattering time. This suggests that small-angle scattering leads to weaker heating of 2DEGs at low temperatures than expected from dc mobilit9y. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000240875800066</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 089JE&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 18&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 16&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     ANDO T, 1982, REV MOD PHYS, V54, P437, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.54.437&lt;br/&gt;     ANDO T, 1989, HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS, V2, P164&lt;br/&gt;     Ashcroft NW, 1976, SOLID STATE PHYS, P1&lt;br/&gt;     Beard MC, 2000, PHYS REV B, V62, P15764, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764&lt;br/&gt;     Cerne J, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P8133, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.8133&lt;br/&gt;     COLERIDGE PT, 1991, PHYS REV B, V44, P3793, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.3793&lt;br/&gt;     Dorozhkin PS, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2035883&lt;br/&gt;     Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P4637, DOI 10.1063/1.1525851&lt;br/&gt;     Knap W, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P3433, DOI 10.1063/1.1473685&lt;br/&gt;     Kukushkin IV, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V86, DOI 10.1063/1.1856143&lt;br/&gt;     MADELUNG O, 1996, SEMICONDUCTORS BASIC, P109&lt;br/&gt;     MCKNIGHT SW, 1987, INFRARED PHYS, V27, P327, DOI 10.1016/0020-0891(87)90074-1&lt;br/&gt;     Peralta XG, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1627, DOI 10.1063/1.1497433&lt;br/&gt;     Sadofyev YG, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V81, P1833, DOI 10.1063/1.1504882&lt;br/&gt;     Shaner EA, 2005, APPL PHYS LETT, V87, DOI 10.1063/1.2128057&lt;br/&gt;     ZAWADZKI W, 1974, ADV PHYS, V23, P435, DOI 10.1080/00018737400101371&lt;br/&gt;Kabir, N. A. Yoon, Y. Knab, J. R. Chen, J. -Y. Markelz, A. G. Reno, J. L. Sadofyev, Y. Johnson, S. Zhang, Y. -H. Bird, J. P.&lt;br/&gt;Bird, Jonathan P/G-4068-2010&lt;br/&gt;Bird, Jonathan P/0000-0002-6966-9007; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;18&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;15&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Melville</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132109</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct &amp; Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;jbird@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheon, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luo, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast Carriers Dynamics in GaSb/Mn Random Alloys</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vienna Austria</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using terahertz spectroscopy as a protein binding assay</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems IV;</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> San Jose, California, United States</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc SPIE 6080,</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The vibrational modes corresponding to protein tertiary structural motion lay in the far infrared or terahertz frequency range. These collective large scale motions depend on global structure and thus will necessarily be perturbed by ligand binding events. We discuss the use of terahertz dielectric spectroscopy to measure these vibrational modes and the sensitivity of the technique to changes in protein conformation, oxidation state and environment. A challenge of applying this sensitivity as a spectroscopic assay for ligand binding is the sensitivity of the technique to both bulk water and water bound to the protein. This sensitivity can entirely obscure the signal from the protein or protein-ligand complex itself, thus necessitating sophisticated sample preparation making the technique impractical for industrial applications. We discuss methods to overcome this background and demonstrate how terahertz spectroscopy can be used to quickly assay protein binding for proteomics and pharmaceutical research.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shah, Binni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical hydration and temperature effects on terahertz biomolecular sensing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection III</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Society for Optics and Photonics</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5995</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59950P</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Large oxidation dependence observed in terahertz dielectric response for cytochrome c</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review E</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys. Rev. E</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">absorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">binding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heart ferricytochrome-c</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein flexibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">state</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1539-3755</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Far infrared dielectric response is used to characterize the collective mode density of states for cytochrome c as a function of oxidation state and hydration using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. A strong absorbance and refractive index increase was observed with the oxidation. A simple phenomenological fitting using a continuous distribution of oscillators reproduces the frequency dependence of the complex dielectric response as well as demonstrates quantitative agreement with a uniform increase in either mode density or polarizability with oxidation in the 5-80 cm(-1) frequency range. Hydration dependence measurements find that a difference in the equilibrium water content for ferri and ferro cytochrome c is not sufficient to account for the large change in terahertz response. The large dielectric increase at terahertz frequencies with oxidation suggests either a significant global softening of the potential and/or a significant increase in polarizability with oxidation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000232930600005</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 979GO&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 51&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 29&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     BERGHUIS AM, 1992, J MOL BIOL, V223, P959, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90255-I&lt;br/&gt;     BONE S, 1985, J MOL BIOL, V181, P323, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90096-8&lt;br/&gt;     BONE S, 1982, J MOL BIOL, V157, P571, DOI 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90477-6&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS B, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P4995, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4995&lt;br/&gt;     Brucherseifer M, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V77, P4049, DOI 10.1063/1.1332415&lt;br/&gt;     Carlson HA, 2002, CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL, V6, P447, DOI 10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00341-1&lt;br/&gt;     CHEN JY, IN PRESS BIOPHYS J&lt;br/&gt;     CUSACK S, 1986, PHYSICA B &amp; C, V136, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0378-4363(86)80069-9&lt;br/&gt;     EDEN D, 1982, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V79, P815, DOI 10.1073/pnas.79.3.815&lt;br/&gt;     FROHWIRT EM, 1959, BIOPHYS J, V71, P570&lt;br/&gt;     Jackson J.D., 1975, CLASSICAL ELECTRODYN&lt;br/&gt;     KOPPENOL WH, 1982, J BIOL CHEM, V257, P4426&lt;br/&gt;     Kutteruf MR, 2003, CHEM PHYS LETT, V375, P337, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00856-X&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz A, 2002, PHYS MED BIOL, V47, P3797, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/318&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V320, P42, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00227-X&lt;br/&gt;     Menikh A, 2004, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V20, P658, DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.006&lt;br/&gt;     Nagel M, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P154, DOI 10.1063/1.1428619&lt;br/&gt;     PETHIG R, 1979, DIELECTRIC ELECTRONI&lt;br/&gt;     Qi PXR, 1996, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V35, P12275, DOI 10.1021/bi961042w&lt;br/&gt;     RINGE D, 1985, PROG BIOPHYS MOL BIO, V45, P197, DOI 10.1016/0079-6107(85)90002-1&lt;br/&gt;     SHECHTER E, 1967, BIOPOLYMERS, V5, P788, DOI 10.1002/bip.1967.360050812&lt;br/&gt;     SIMONSON T, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P1082, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.4.1082&lt;br/&gt;     SREENATHAN BR, 1971, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V42, P1122, DOI 10.1016/0006-291X(71)90021-0&lt;br/&gt;     Takano T., 1984, Methods and Applications in Crystallographic Computing. International Summer School on Crystallographic Computing, P262&lt;br/&gt;     TAKANO T, 1980, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V77, P6371, DOI 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6371&lt;br/&gt;     Whitmire SE, 2003, BIOPHYS J, V85, P1269, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74562-7&lt;br/&gt;     WHITMIRE SE, 2003, SENSING SCI ELECT TE, V2&lt;br/&gt;     Yamamoto K, 2002, B CHEM SOC JPN, V75, P1083, DOI 10.1246/bcsj.75.1083&lt;br/&gt;     Zhang CF, 2004, J PHYS CHEM B, V108, P10077, DOI 10.1021/jp049933y&lt;br/&gt;Chen, JY Knab, JR Cerne, J Markelz, AG&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;52&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;22&lt;br/&gt;Amer physical soc&lt;br/&gt;College pk&lt;br/&gt;1550-2376&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">040901</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Chen, JY (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein dynamics studies using terahertz dielectric response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">230</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">U347-U348</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0065-7727</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Abstract</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000236797300675</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 032TJ&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 0&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, A. G. Knab, J. R. Chen, J. -Y.&lt;br/&gt;230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society&lt;br/&gt;Aug 28-sep 01, 2005&lt;br/&gt;Washington, DC&lt;br/&gt;Amer Chem Soc&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;2&lt;br/&gt;Amer chemical soc&lt;br/&gt;Washington</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14620 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maeder, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring Protein Flexibility with Terahertz Spectroscopy: Basic Research and Applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Diego, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Černe, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, William A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tagless and universal biosensor for point detection of pathogens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz for military and security applications Ii</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Society for Optics and Photonics</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5411</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">182-186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, C.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz measurements of the Photoactive Protein Bacteriorhodopsin mutant D96N: M and P states</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mater. Res. Soc. Symp.</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in Proteins as Materials (ed. V. P. Conteicello, et al)</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Warrendale, PA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">826</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pages261–267</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div id=&quot;Abs1-content&quot; class=&quot;c-article-section__content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;We use terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a biomaterials characterization tool. Previously we have shown a strong contrast between the THz dielectric response for wild type (WT) and D96N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin. In those studies we observed a large increase in the THz absorbance of WT with excitation to thermally captured photo-intermediates whereas no such increase in absorbance was observed for the mutant D96N. These results suggest that the THz response is sensitive to structural changes and relative flexibility of biomolecules. However the photo-intermediate populations of the WT and D96N samples were not equivalent in those measurements. While the WT samples had relaxed (bR), M and P state intermediates present, the D96N samples had only bR and M states. Here we present terahertz absorbance measurements of D96N as a function of M and P state populations at room temperature. The THz response is constant for intermediate states populations up to 23% M state and up to 30% P state. These results verify that there is a fundamental difference in the conformational dynamics as measured by THz dielectric response for a single residue mutation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maeder, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thz Dielectric Response As A Function Of Protein Hydration: Intramolecular Coupling Contribution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of SPIE Optics East</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philadelphia, PA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosensing with Terahertz Spectroscopy:  Ligand Binding Effects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santa Barbara, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolpert, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korolev, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sachs, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramesh, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moeckly, B.H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct measurements of optical phonons in SrTiO3 nanosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferroelectrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finite size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mode softening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phonons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strontium titanate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003/07/01/</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386947703003059</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">236 - 239</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1386-9477</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We use terahertz time domain spectroscopy to examine finite size effects on the optical phonon modes in SrTiO3 thin films. In temperature-dependent measurements we find a near absence of mode softening in the TO1 phonon frequency. Furthermore we see an increase in the soft mode frequency with reduced thickness. Both of these results correlate well with the reduced dielectric response observed for nanoscale ferroelectric systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D. Wolpert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Cox</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Cerne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Markelz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T. Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Ramesh</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romanowicz M.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finite size effects in ferroelectric nanosystems: Absence of mode softening</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003 Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - Nanotech</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferroelectric materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frequency ranges</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lead compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mode softening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nanostructured materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural frequencies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optical modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Permittivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phase transitions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phonons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Routers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal effects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Francisco, CA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76-81</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0972842209</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We present measurements of the mode softening behavior for PbZr 0.5Ti0.5O3 (PZT(50)) thin films using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TTDS). The films were grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques on silicon substrates to study how reduced size affects the mode softening behavior. At room temperature two modes are observed at 1.1 THz (37 cm-1) and at 2.3 THz (77 cm-1). As the temperature is increased toward Tc we do not see strong mode softening, but rather a spectral weight transfer from the high frequency mode to the low frequency mode. This absence of mode softening is more dramatic than that reported by other investigators[1]. We will discuss the possible sources for this discrepancy. These results suggest a change in lattice dynamics for nanoscale ferroelectric films that may be highly dependent on the sample preparation technique.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cited By 0</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bright, F. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Biosensors based on Xerogel Substrates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santa Barbara, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast THz spectroscopy of photoactive biomolecules</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VII</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Jose, California</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-153</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature of quasi-two-dimensional electron gases under steady-state terahertz drive</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hot-electrons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">829-831</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We use photoluminescence to study the time-average energy distribution of electrons in the presence of strong steady-state drive at terahertz (THz) frequencies, in a modulation-doped 125 Angstrom AlGaAs/GaAs square well that is held at low lattice temperature TL. We find that the energy distribution can be characterized by an effective electron temperature, T-e(&amp;gt;T-L), that agrees well with values estimated from the THz-illuminated, dc conductivity. This agreement indicates that under strong THz drive, LO phonon scattering dominates both energy and momentum relaxation; that the carrier distribution maintains a heated, thermal form; and that phonon drift effects are negligible. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1996TT66300035</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: TT663&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 59&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 12&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     ASMAR NG, 1995, PHYS REV B, V51, P18041, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.18041&lt;br/&gt;     BETHUNE DS, 1989, J OPT SOC AM B, V6, P910, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.6.000910&lt;br/&gt;     CERNE J, 1995, PHYS REV B, V51, P5253, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.5253&lt;br/&gt;     CONWELL E, 1967, SOLID STATE PHYS S, V9&lt;br/&gt;     GUPTA R, 1992, PHYS REV B, V46, P7745, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.7745&lt;br/&gt;     HEYMAN JN, 1994, PHYS REV LETT, V72, P2183, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.2183&lt;br/&gt;     KOMIYAMA S, 1985, PHYS REV B, V32, P5532, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.32.5532&lt;br/&gt;     MARKELZ AG, 1994, SOLID STATE ELECTRON, V37, P1243, DOI 10.1016/0038-1101(94)90399-9&lt;br/&gt;     MARKELZ AG, 1995, THESIS U CALIFORNIA&lt;br/&gt;     SHAH J, 1984, APPL PHYS LETT, V44, P322, DOI 10.1063/1.94739&lt;br/&gt;     SHAH J, 1978, SOLID STATE ELECTRON, V21, P43, DOI 10.1016/0038-1101(78)90113-2&lt;br/&gt;     YANG CH, 1985, PHYS REV LETT, V55, P2359, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2359&lt;br/&gt;Asmar, NG Cerne, J Markelz, AG Gwinn, EG Sherwin, MS Campman, KL Gossard, AC&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;59&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;7&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Woodbury</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,CTR FREE ELECTRON LASER STUDIES,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT ELECT &amp; COMP ENGN,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106.&lt;br/&gt;Asmar, NG (corresponding author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, J. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undressing a collective intersubband excitation in a quantum well</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar 25</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2382-2385</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0031-9007</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We have experimentally measured the 1-2 intersubband absorption in a single 40 nm wide modulation-doped Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs square quantum well as a function of frequency, intensity, and charge density. The low-intensity depolarization-shifted absorption occurs near 80 cm(-1) (10 meV or 2.4 THz), nearly 30% higher than the intersubband spacing. At higher intensities, the absorption peak shifts to lower frequencies. Our data are in good agreement with a theory proposed by Zaluzny, which attributes the redshift to a reduction in the depolarization shift as the excited subband becomes populated.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1996UB14800044</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;78</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fafard, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NONLINEAR QUANTUM DYNAMICS IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica D-Nonlinear Phenomena</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-242</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0167-2789</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We discuss recent measurements of the nonlinear response of electrons in wide quantum wells driven by intense electromagnetic radiation at terahertz frequencies. The theme is the interplay of quantum mechanics, strong periodic driving, the electron-electron interaction and dissipation. We discuss harmonic generation from an asymmetric double quantum well in which the effects of dynamic screening are important. Measurements and theory are found to be in good agreement. We also discuss intensity-dependent absorption in a 400 Angstrom square quantum well. A new nonlinear quantum effect occurs, in which the frequency at which electromagnetic radiation is absorbed shifts to the red with increasing intensity. The preliminary experimental results are in agreement with a theory by Zaluzny, in which the source of the nonlinearity is the self-consistent potential in the Hartree approximation for the electron dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995RA41200018</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;14th Annual International Conference of the Center-for-Nonlinear-Studies - Quantum Complexity in Mesoscopic Systems&lt;br/&gt;May 16-20, 1994&lt;br/&gt;Los alamos, nm&lt;br/&gt;Ctr nonlinear studies&lt;br/&gt;34</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sundaram, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanson, P. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bimberg, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUENCHING OF EXCITONIC QUANTUM-WELL PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BY INTENSE FAR-INFRARED RADIATION - FREE-CARRIER HEATING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5253-5262</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995QP75800064</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;29</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESONANT-ENERGY RELAXATION OF TERAHERTZ-DRIVEN 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18041-18044</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995RF85700093</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;119</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiao, Jung-Chih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yongjun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hacker, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crowe, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rutledge, David</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz grid frequency doublers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Sixth Intl. Symp. Space Terahertz Tech</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.nrao.edu/meetings/isstt/papers/1995/1995199206.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citeseer</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FAR-INFRARED SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY OF A SINGLE SQUARE-WELL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiconductor Science and Technology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semicond. Sci. Technol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">627-629</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0268-1242</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We have performed saturation spectroscopy measurements of the lowest intersubband transition in a single 400 angstrom GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As modulation-doped square quantum well. We couple intense tunable far-infrared radiation from the Santa Barbara free electron laser into our sample using an edge-coupling technique and measure absorption as a function of frequency and intensity. Saturation and frequency shifts in the absorption line are clearly observed. We attribute the frequency shifts to reductions in the many-body depolarization shift. From our preliminary measurements, we estimate the intersubband relaxation time to be 600 ps to within a factor of three.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NM75300061</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;S&lt;br/&gt;8th International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors&lt;br/&gt;Aug 16-20, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Oxford univ, oxford, england&lt;br/&gt;Sci &amp; engn res council; royal soc; brit council; oxford univ&lt;br/&gt;31</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brar, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroemer, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frequency Dependence of the Third Order Susceptibility of InAs Quantum Wells at Terahertz Frequencies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/1994</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1193-1196</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guimaraes, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaminski, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keay, B. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramian, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chow, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lui, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, T. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBING TERAHERTZ DYNAMICS IN SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES WITH UCSB FREE-ELECTRON LASERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Luminescence</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60-1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250-255</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-2313</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The UCSB free-electron lasers provide kilowatts of continuously tunable radiation from 120 GHz to 4.8 THz. They have the most impact on terahertz science and technology that require a tunable, high power source to explore non-linear dynamics or that sacrifice incident power to recover the linear response of systems with very small cross-section. We describe three experiments that demonstrate the utility of these lasers in experiments on the terahertz dynamics of semiconductor nanostructures: (i) terahertz dynamics of resonant tunneling diodes, (ii) saturation spectroscopy of quantum wells and (iii) photon-assisted tunneling in superlattices.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NR36100065</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017; Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio Soares/B-6918-2012&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio Soares/0000-0002-0113-2641; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;1993 International Conference on Luminescence (ICL 93)&lt;br/&gt;Aug 09-13, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Univ connecticut, storrs, ct&lt;br/&gt;Univ connecticut; opt soc amer; amer phys soc; ieee, laser &amp; electro opt soc; int union pure &amp; appl phys; int sci fdn; univ connecticut res fdn&lt;br/&gt;3</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bewley, W. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sundaram, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birnir, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Far-infrared nonlinear response of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPIE Proceedings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1854</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>