<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional-State Dependence of Picosecond Protein Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. Chem. B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11134-11140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;We examine temperature-dependent picosecond dynamics of two benchmarking proteins lysozyme and cytochrome &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt; using temperature-dependent terahertz permittivity measurements. We find that a double Arrhenius temperature dependence with activation energies &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∼ 0.1 kJ/mol and &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∼ 10 kJ/mol fits the folded and ligand-free state response. The higher activation energy is consistent with the so-called protein dynamical transition associated with beta relaxations at the solvent–protein interface. The lower activation energy is consistent with correlated structural motions. When the structure is removed by denaturing, the lower-activation-energy process is no longer present. Additionally, the lower-activation-energy process is diminished with ligand binding but not for changes in the internal oxidation state. We suggest that the lower-energy activation process is associated with collective structural motions that are no longer accessible with denaturing or binding.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11134</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhillon, S. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitiello, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linfield, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoffmann, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Booske, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoloni, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gensch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weightman, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, G. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro-Camus, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cumming, D. R. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simoens, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escorcia-Carranza, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grant, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucyszyn, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuwata-Gonokami, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konishi, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmuttenmaer, C. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cocker, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huber, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor, Z. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallace, V. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeitler, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibik, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korter, T. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellison, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rea, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goldsmith, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooper, K. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appleby, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardo, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huggard, P. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krozer, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shams, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fice, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renaud, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stohr, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naftaly, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridler, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarke, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunningham, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, M. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ex-vivo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metal wave-guides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">near-field</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoconductive emitters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantum-cascade lasers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiconductors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">time-domain spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-3727</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Science and technologies based on terahertz frequency electromagnetic radiation (100 GHz-30 THz) have developed rapidly over the last 30 years. For most of the 20th Century, terahertz radiation, then referred to as sub-millimeter wave or far-infrared radiation, was mainly utilized by astronomers and some spectroscopists. Following the development of laser based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the 1980s and 1990s the field of THz science and technology expanded rapidly, to the extent that it now touches many areas from fundamental science to &#039;real world&#039; applications. For example THz radiation is being used to optimize materials for new solar cells, and may also be a key technology for the next generation of airport security scanners. While the field was emerging it was possible to keep track of all new developments, however now the field has grown so much that it is increasingly difficult to follow the diverse range of new discoveries and applications that are appearing. At this point in time, when the field of THz science and technology is moving from an emerging to a more established and interdisciplinary field, it is apt to present a roadmap to help identify the breadth and future directions of the field. The aim of this roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of THz science and technology in 2017, and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds. To be able to achieve this aim, we have invited a group of international experts to write 18 sections that cover most of the key areas of THz science and technology. We hope that The 2017 Roadmap on THz science and technology will prove to be a useful resource by providing a wide ranging introduction to the capabilities of THz radiation for those outside or just entering the field as well as providing perspective and breadth for those who are well established. We also feel that this review should serve as a useful guide for government and funding agencies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000392153700001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: EI0HL&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 541&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 209&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Adam AJL, 2011, J INFRARED MILLIM TE, V32, P976, DOI 10.1007/s10762-011-9809-2&lt;br/&gt;     Ahmed SS, 2012, IEEE MICROW MAG, V13, P26, DOI 10.1109/MMM.2012.2205772&lt;br/&gt;     Alliance N., 2015, CISC VIS NETW IND GL, P1&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2013, 178512012 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2014, IEEE T ELECT DEVICES, V61&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2012, 178522016 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     [Anonymous], 2015, P17852 IEEE&lt;br/&gt;     Appleby R, 2015, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V9462&lt;br/&gt;     Arnone DD, 1999, PROC SPIE, V3828, P209, DOI 10.1117/12.361037&lt;br/&gt;     Ashworth PC, 2009, OPT EXPRESS, V17, P12444, DOI 10.1364/OE.17.012444&lt;br/&gt;     AUSTON DH, 1988, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, V24, P184, DOI 10.1109/3.114&lt;br/&gt;     Barbieri S, 2011, NAT PHOTONICS, V5, P306, DOI [10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.49, 10.1038/nphoton.2011.49]&lt;br/&gt;     Barker RJ., 2005, MODERN MICROWAVE MIL&lt;br/&gt;     Basov DN, 2011, REV MOD PHYS, V83, P471, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.83.471&lt;br/&gt;     Bauwens M. 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S. Vitiello, M. S. Linfield, E. H. Davies, A. G. Hoffmann, Matthias C. Booske, John Paoloni, Claudio Gensch, M. Weightman, P. Williams, G. P. Castro-Camus, E. Cumming, D. R. S. Simoens, F. Escorcia-Carranza, I. Grant, J. Lucyszyn, Stepan Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto Konishi, Kuniaki Koch, Martin Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Cocker, Tyler L. Huber, Rupert Markelz, A. G. Taylor, Z. D. Wallace, Vincent P. Zeitler, J. Axel Sibik, Juraj Korter, Timothy M. Ellison, B. Rea, S. Goldsmith, P. Cooper, Ken B. Appleby, Roger Pardo, D. Huggard, P. G. Krozer, V. Shams, Haymen Fice, Martyn Renaud, Cyril Seeds, Alwyn Stoehr, Andreas Naftaly, Mira Ridler, Nick Clarke, Roland Cunningham, John E. Johnston, Michael B.&lt;br/&gt;Huggard, Peter/U-2150-2019; Konishi, Kuniaki/AAN-3624-2020; Zeitler, J. Axel/B-4885-2008; Paoloni, Claudio/AAH-9824-2019; Hoffmann, Matthias C./N-1082-2019; Wallace, Vincent P/A-9320-2012; Johnston, Michael/B-9813-2008; Castro-Camus, Enrique/V-6861-2019; Krozer, Viktor/P-5623-2014; Hoffmann, Matthias C/B-3893-2009; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/AAA-3211-2020; Gonokami, Makoto/F-3641-2012; Shams, Haymen/H-3754-2012; Ridler, Nick/AAN-9637-2020; Huber, Rupert/N-4126-2018&lt;br/&gt;Konishi, Kuniaki/0000-0003-2389-9787; Zeitler, J. Axel/0000-0002-4958-0582; Hoffmann, Matthias C./0000-0002-3596-9853; Wallace, Vincent P/0000-0003-3814-5400; Johnston, Michael/0000-0002-0301-8033; Krozer, Viktor/0000-0002-2387-1947; Hoffmann, Matthias C/0000-0002-3596-9853; PAOLONI, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-0265-0862; Shams, Haymen/0000-0002-5333-6478; Huber, Rupert/0000-0001-6617-9283; Davies, Alexander/0000-0002-1987-4846; Seeds, Alwyn/0000-0002-5228-627X; Castro-Camus, Enrique/0000-0002-8218-9155; Cunningham, John/0000-0002-1805-9743; Naftaly, Mira/0000-0002-0671-822X; Cumming, David/0000-0002-7838-8362&lt;br/&gt;Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)Engineering &amp; Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/P015883/1, EP/M00306X/1, EP/K023349/1, EP/M017095/1, EP/L026597/1, EP/J017671/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Natural Environment Research CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)NERC Natural Environment Research Council [NER/Z/S/2003/00642, NE/L012375/1, NER/Z/S/2000/01292] Funding Source: researchfish; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilUK Research &amp; Innovation (UKRI)Science &amp; Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P002056/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Direct For Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Biological InfrastructureNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1556359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Molecular and Cellular BioscienceNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) [1616529] Funding Source: National Science Foundation&lt;br/&gt;566&lt;br/&gt;30&lt;br/&gt;462&lt;br/&gt;Iop publishing ltd&lt;br/&gt;Bristol&lt;br/&gt;1361-6463</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">043001</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Dhillon, S. S.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Pierre Aigrain, Sorbonne Paris Cite,Ecole Normale Super,PSL Res U, F-75231 Paris, France. [Vitiello, M. S.] CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Vitiello, M. S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Linfield, E. H.|Davies, A. G.|Cunningham, John E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hoffmann, Matthias C.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Booske, John] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Elect &amp; Comp Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Paoloni, Claudio] Univ Lancaster, Dept Engn, Lancaster, England. [Gensch, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Radiat Phys, Bautzner Landstr 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Weightman, P.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Williams, G. P.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave Suite 21, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Castro-Camus, E.] Ctr Invest Opt AC, Loma Bosque 115, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. [Cumming, D. R. S.|Escorcia-Carranza, I.|Grant, J.] Glasgow, Sch Engn, Microsyst Technol Grp, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland. [Simoens, F.] CEA Leti MINATEC, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Lucyszyn, Stepan] Imperial Coll London, Dept EEE, Ctr Terahertz Sci &amp; Engn, London, England. [Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto|Konishi, Kuniaki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Koch, Martin] Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Koch, Martin] Philipps Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, 225 Prospect St,POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.] Yale Univ, Energy Sci Inst, 225 Prospect St,POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Cocker, Tyler L.|Huber, Rupert] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt &amp; Angew Phys, Univ Str 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Markelz, A. G.] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14620 USA. [Taylor, Z. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wallace, Vincent P.] Univ Western Australia M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Zeitler, J. Axel|Sibik, Juraj] Magnet Resonance Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, JJ Thompson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Korter, Timothy M.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, 1-014 CST,111 Coll Pl, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ellison, B.|Rea, S.|Pardo, D.|Huggard, P. G.] RAL Space, STFC, Millimetre Wave Technol Grp, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Goldsmith, P.] Jet Prop Lab, M-S 180-703,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cooper, Ken B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Appleby, Roger] Innovasec Ltd, 212b West Malvern Rd, Malvern WR14 4BA, Worcs, England. [Krozer, V.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Goethe Leibniz Terahertz Ctr, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany. [Shams, Haymen|Fice, Martyn|Renaud, Cyril|Seeds, Alwyn] UCL, Dept Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England. [Stoehr, Andreas] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Engn, Dept Optoelect, Lotharstr 55, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Naftaly, Mira|Ridler, Nick] Natl Phys Lab, Div Time Quantum &amp; Electromagnet, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Clarke, Roland] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect &amp; Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. 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R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional State Dependence of Picosecond Protein Dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arXiv:1105.4425</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://arxiv.org/0054394</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J-Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Wenjun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence of protein collective motions on the picosecond timescale</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1058-1065</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He,Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why is THz Sensitive to Protein Functional States? Oxidation State of Cytochrome C</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Science and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.tstnetwork.org/10.11906/TST.149-162.2010.12.15/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We investigate the presence of structural collective motions on a picosecond time scale for the heme protein, cytochrome c, as a function of oxidation and hydration, using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Structural collective mode frequencies have been calculated to lie in this frequency range, and the density of states can be considered a measure of flexibility. A dramatic increase in the THz response occurs with oxidation, with the largest increase for lowest hydrations and highest frequencies. For both oxidation states the measured THz response rapidly increases with hydration saturating above ~25% (g H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O/g protein), in contrast to the rapid turn-on in dynamics observed at this hydration level for other proteins. Quasi-harmonic collective vibrational modes and dipole-dipole correlation functions are calculated from the molecular dynamics trajectories. The collective mode density of states alone reproduces the measured hydration dependence providing strong evidence of the existence of these collective motions. The large oxidation dependence is reproduced only by the dipole-dipole correlation function, indicating the contrast arises from diffusive motions consistent with structural changes occurring in the vicinity of a buried internal water molecule.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-162</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Razeghi, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohseni, H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of the protein surface on the local biological water dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosensing Ii</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of SPIE</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alanine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relaxation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thz</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellingham</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7397</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-0-8194-7687-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Protein function is reliant on structural flexibility and this flexibility is slaved to the surrounding solvent. Here we discuss how the exposed surface of the protein influences the solvent dynamics and thereby influences the protein&#039;s own structural dynamics. We discuss measurements of the THz absorption of water in the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000292381700019</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: BVQ85&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 0&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 12&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Balu R, 2008, BIOPHYS J, V94, P3217, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.107.105163&lt;br/&gt;     Bergner A, 2005, REV SCI INSTRUM, V76, DOI 10.1063/1.1928427&lt;br/&gt;     Born B, 2009, J AM CHEM SOC, V131, P3752, DOI 10.1021/ja808997y&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2007, APPL PHYS LETT, V90, DOI 10.1063/1.2748852&lt;br/&gt;     He YF, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V101, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.178103&lt;br/&gt;     Heugen U, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P12301, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0604897103&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 2007, OPT EXPRESS, V15, P14717, DOI 10.1364/OE.15.014717&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P10373, DOI 10.1021/jp960141g&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     THRANE L, 1995, CHEM PHYS LETT, V240, P330, DOI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00543-D&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2006, J CHEM PHYS, V124, DOI 10.1063/1.2151267&lt;br/&gt;     Yada H, 2008, CHEM PHYS LETT, V464, P166, DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.015&lt;br/&gt;Liang, Wei He, Yunfen George, Deepu Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Proceedings Paper&lt;br/&gt;Conference on Biosensing II&lt;br/&gt;Aug 04-06, 2009&lt;br/&gt;San Diego, CA&lt;br/&gt;Spie&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/J-9882-2014&lt;br/&gt;George, Deepu/0000-0003-0021-0705; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;1000 20th st, po box 10, bellingham, wa 98227-0010 usa&lt;br/&gt;0277-786x&lt;br/&gt;73970t</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Liang, Wei|He, Yunfen|George, Deepu|Markelz, A. G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Liang, W (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of structure in the protein dynamical transition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1424421195</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of Tagless Biosensors for Detecting the Presence of Pathogens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Frequency Detection and Identification of Materials and Objects</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht, The Netherlands</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ed X.-C. Zhang, R. E. Miles, H. Eisele and A. Krotkus</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-134</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein dynamical transition in terahertz dielectric response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000926140700680X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">442</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413 - 417</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0009-2614</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The 200K protein dynamical transition is observed for the first time in the terahertz dielectric response. The complex dielectric permittivity ε=ε′+iε″ is determined in the 0.2–2.0THz and 80–294K ranges. ε″ has a linear temperature dependence up to 200K then sharply increases. The low temperature linear dependence in ε″ suggests anharmonicity for temperatures 80K&amp;lt;t&amp;lt;180k, challenging=&quot;&quot; the=&quot;&quot; assumed=&quot;&quot; harmonicity=&quot;&quot; below=&quot;&quot; 200k.=&quot;&quot; temperature=&quot;&quot; dependence=&quot;&quot; is=&quot;&quot; consistent=&quot;&quot; with=&quot;&quot; thermally=&quot;&quot; activated=&quot;&quot; sidechain=&quot;&quot; motions=&quot;&quot; and=&quot;&quot; shows=&quot;&quot; involved=&quot;&quot; in=&quot;&quot; dynamical=&quot;&quot; transition=&quot;&quot; extend=&quot;&quot; to=&quot;&quot; subpicosecond=&quot;&quot; time=&quot;&quot; scales.&amp;lt;=&quot;&quot; div=&quot;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz dielectric assay of solution phase protein binding</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lysozyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The authors demonstrate a method for rapid determination of protein-ligand binding on solution phase samples using terahertz dielectric spectroscopy. Measurements were performed using terahertz time domain spectroscopy on aqueous solutions below the liquid-solid transition for water. Small ligand binding sensitivity was demonstrated using triacetylglucosamine and hen egg white lysozyme with a decrease in dielectric response with binding. The magnitude of the change increases with frequency. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000247305400108</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 179QR&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 51&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 9&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Balog E, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V93, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028103&lt;br/&gt;     Brucherseifer M, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V77, P4049, DOI 10.1063/1.1332415&lt;br/&gt;     Chen JY, 2005, PHYS REV E, V72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.040901&lt;br/&gt;     Fear G, 2007, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V113, P354, DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.09.001&lt;br/&gt;     Heugen U, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P12301, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0604897103&lt;br/&gt;     Knab J, 2006, BIOPHYS J, V90, P2576, DOI 10.1529/biophysj.105.069088&lt;br/&gt;     LEHRER SS, 1967, J BIOL CHEM, V242, P4644&lt;br/&gt;     Menikh A, 2004, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V20, P658, DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.006&lt;br/&gt;     Xu J, 2006, PROTEIN SCI, V15, P1175, DOI 10.1110/ps.062073506&lt;br/&gt;Chen, Jing-Yin Knab, J. R. Ye, Shuji He, Yunfen Markelz, A. G.&lt;br/&gt;Ye, Shuji/B-4479-2010&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;53&lt;br/&gt;1&lt;br/&gt;42&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Melville&lt;br/&gt;1077-3118</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243901</style></custom7><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, 239 Fronczak Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz measurements of protein relaxational dynamics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the IEEE</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1605-1610</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0018-9219</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jing-Yin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, Shuji</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Yunfen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein conformational dynamics measured with terahertz time domain spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-183</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1424403995</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using terahertz spectroscopy as a protein binding assay</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems IV;</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> San Jose, California, United States</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc SPIE 6080,</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The vibrational modes corresponding to protein tertiary structural motion lay in the far infrared or terahertz frequency range. These collective large scale motions depend on global structure and thus will necessarily be perturbed by ligand binding events. We discuss the use of terahertz dielectric spectroscopy to measure these vibrational modes and the sensitivity of the technique to changes in protein conformation, oxidation state and environment. A challenge of applying this sensitivity as a spectroscopic assay for ligand binding is the sensitivity of the technique to both bulk water and water bound to the protein. This sensitivity can entirely obscure the signal from the protein or protein-ligand complex itself, thus necessitating sophisticated sample preparation making the technique impractical for industrial applications. We discuss methods to overcome this background and demonstrate how terahertz spectroscopy can be used to quickly assay protein binding for proteomics and pharmaceutical research.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, C.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knab, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz measurements of the Photoactive Protein Bacteriorhodopsin mutant D96N: M and P states</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mater. Res. Soc. Symp.</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in Proteins as Materials (ed. V. P. Conteicello, et al)</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Warrendale, PA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">826</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pages261–267</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div id=&quot;Abs1-content&quot; class=&quot;c-article-section__content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;We use terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a biomaterials characterization tool. Previously we have shown a strong contrast between the THz dielectric response for wild type (WT) and D96N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin. In those studies we observed a large increase in the THz absorbance of WT with excitation to thermally captured photo-intermediates whereas no such increase in absorbance was observed for the mutant D96N. These results suggest that the THz response is sensitive to structural changes and relative flexibility of biomolecules. However the photo-intermediate populations of the WT and D96N samples were not equivalent in those measurements. While the WT samples had relaxed (bR), M and P state intermediates present, the D96N samples had only bR and M states. Here we present terahertz absorbance measurements of D96N as a function of M and P state populations at room temperature. The THz response is constant for intermediate states populations up to 23% M state and up to 30% P state. These results verify that there is a fundamental difference in the conformational dynamics as measured by THz dielectric response for a single residue mutation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolpert, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein flexibility and conformational state: A comparison of collective vibrational modes of wild-type and D96N bacteriorhodopsin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysical Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophys. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">angstrom resolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">films</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frequency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">harmonic-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inelastic neutron-scattering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">large systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed basis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">normal-modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">purple membranes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural-changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transform infrared-spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1269-1277</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3495</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Far infrared ( FIR) spectral measurements of wild-type (WT) and D96N mutant bacteriorhodopsin thin films have been carried out using terahertz time domain spectroscopy as a function of hydration, temperature, and conformational state. The results are compared to calculated spectra generated via normal mode analyses using CHARMM. We find that the FIR absorbance is slowly increasing with frequency and without strong narrow features over the range of 2-60 cm(-1) and up to a resolution of 0.17 cm(-1). The broad absorption shifts in frequency with decreasing temperature as expected with a strongly anharmonic potential and in agreement with neutron inelastic scattering results. Decreasing hydration shifts the absorption to higher frequencies, possibly resulting from decreased coupling mediated by the interior water molecules. Ground-state FIR absorbances have nearly identical frequency dependence, with the mutant having less optical density than the WT. In the M state, the FIR absorbance of the WT increases whereas there is no change for D96N. These results represent the first measurement of FIR absorbance change as a function of conformational state.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000184428300052</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 705ZZ&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 117&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 55&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     AUSTIN RH, 1975, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V14, P5355, DOI 10.1021/bi00695a021&lt;br/&gt;     Birge RR, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P9990, DOI 10.1021/jp953669e&lt;br/&gt;     BOUSCHE O, 1992, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V56, P1085, DOI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb09732.x&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1983, J COMPUT CHEM, V4, P187, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540040211&lt;br/&gt;     BROOKS BR, 1995, J COMPUT CHEM, V16, P1522, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540161209&lt;br/&gt;     Brooks CL, 1988, PROTEINS THEORETICAL&lt;br/&gt;     Brucherseifer M, 2000, APPL PHYS LETT, V77, P4049, DOI 10.1063/1.1332415&lt;br/&gt;     Chen Q, 2001, J OPT SOC AM B, V18, P823, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000823&lt;br/&gt;     DENCHER NA, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P7876, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7876&lt;br/&gt;     Der A, 2001, BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW+, V66, P1234, DOI 10.1023/A:1013179101782&lt;br/&gt;     Diehl M, 1997, BIOPHYS J, V73, P2726, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78301-2&lt;br/&gt;     DOSTER W, 1989, NATURE, V337, P754, DOI 10.1038/337754a0&lt;br/&gt;     FERRAND M, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P9668, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9668&lt;br/&gt;     GENZEL L, 1984, SPECTROSCOPY BIOL MO, P609&lt;br/&gt;     GRISCHKOWSKY D, 1991, OSA PROC, V9, P9&lt;br/&gt;     Guilbert C, 1996, CHEM PHYS, V204, P327, DOI 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00293-6&lt;br/&gt;     Han PY, 2000, OPT LETT, V25, P242, DOI 10.1364/OL.25.000242&lt;br/&gt;     Hinsen K, 1998, PROTEINS, V33, P417, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19981115)33:3&lt;417::AID-PROT10&gt;3.0.CO;2-8&lt;br/&gt;     JANEZIC D, 1995, J COMPUT CHEM, V16, P1543, DOI 10.1002/jcc.540161210&lt;br/&gt;     Kusnetzow A, 1999, BIOPHYS J, V76, P2370, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77394-7&lt;br/&gt;     Lanyi JK, 1999, INT REV CYTOL, V187, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)62418-3&lt;br/&gt;     Lanyi JK, 2001, TRENDS BIOTECHNOL, V19, P140, DOI 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01576-1&lt;br/&gt;     LINDSAY SM, 1988, BIOPOLYMERS, V27, P1015, DOI 10.1002/bip.360270610&lt;br/&gt;     Lisy V, 1997, J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN, V14, P517, DOI 10.1080/07391102.1997.10508150&lt;br/&gt;     LONGBOTTOM C, 2002, POTENTIAL USES TERAH&lt;br/&gt;     Luecke H, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P255, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5438.255&lt;br/&gt;     Luecke H, 1999, J MOL BIOL, V291, P899, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3027&lt;br/&gt;     MacKerell AD, 1998, J PHYS CHEM B, V102, P3586, DOI 10.1021/jp973084f&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V320, P42, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00227-X&lt;br/&gt;     MCINTOSH AR, 1991, BIOPHYS J, V60, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82025-2&lt;br/&gt;     MOUAWAD L, 1993, BIOPOLYMERS, V33, P599, DOI 10.1002/bip.360330409&lt;br/&gt;     Mouawad L, 1996, J MOL BIOL, V258, P393, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0257&lt;br/&gt;     Nagel M, 2002, APPL PHYS LETT, V80, P154, DOI 10.1063/1.1428619&lt;br/&gt;     Oesterhelt D, 1974, Methods Enzymol, V31, P667&lt;br/&gt;     Palmo K, 1998, J COMPUT CHEM, V19, P754, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199805)19:7&lt;754::AID-JCC6&gt;3.0.CO;2-P&lt;br/&gt;     PERAHIA D, 1995, COMPUT CHEM, V19, P241, DOI 10.1016/0097-8485(95)00011-G&lt;br/&gt;     Person W.B., 1982, VIBRATIONAL INTENSIT&lt;br/&gt;     Polavarapu P. 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Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol &amp; Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.&lt;br/&gt;amarkelz@buffalo.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast THz spectroscopy of photoactive biomolecules</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VII</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Jose, California</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-153</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, Jay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, Robert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THz time domain spectroscopy of biomolecular conformational modes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3797</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0031-9155</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitmire, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillebrecht, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birge, R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz Time domain spectroscopy of the M intermediate state of Bacteriorhodopsin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2001</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toulouse, France</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">345-348</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roitberg, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heilweil, E. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulsed terahertz spectroscopy of DNA, bovine serum albumin and collagen between 0.1 and 2.0 THz</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chem. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">b-dna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">films</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42-48</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0009-2614</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report the first use of pulsed terahertz spectroscopy to examine low-frequency collective vibrational modes of biomolecules. Broadband absorption increasing with frequency was observed for lyophilized powder samples of calf thymus DNA, bovine serum albumin and collagen in the 0.06-2.00 THz (2-67 cm(-1)) frequency range, suggesting that a large number of the low-frequency collective modes for these systems are IR active. Transmission measurements at room temperature showed increasing FIR absorption with hydration and denaturing. (C) 2000 published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000086211200008</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 299RG&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 561&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 24&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Cai Y, 1998, APPL PHYS LETT, V73, P444, DOI 10.1063/1.121894&lt;br/&gt;     CARTER DC, 1994, ADV PROTEIN CHEM, V45, P153&lt;br/&gt;     Chen EF, 1998, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V37, P5589, DOI 10.1021/bi972369f&lt;br/&gt;     CHEVILLE RA, 1995, OPT LETT, V20, P1646, DOI 10.1364/OL.20.001646&lt;br/&gt;     FENG Y, 1991, PHYS REV A, V43, P1049, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.43.1049&lt;br/&gt;     Fraser R.D.B., 1973, CONFORMATION FIBROUS&lt;br/&gt;     Frushour B., 1975, ADV INFRARED RAMAN S, V1&lt;br/&gt;     GENZEL L, 1984, SPECTROSCOPY BIOL MO, P609&lt;br/&gt;     GRIEBENOW K, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P10969, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.24.10969&lt;br/&gt;     HAYWARD S, 1995, ANNU REV PHYS CHEM, V46, P223, DOI 10.1146/annurev.pc.46.100195.001255&lt;br/&gt;     KATZENELLENBOGE.N, 1992, ULTRA WIDEBAND SHORT&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P10373, DOI 10.1021/jp960141g&lt;br/&gt;     LINDSAY SM, 1988, BIOPOLYMERS, V27, P1015, DOI 10.1002/bip.360270610&lt;br/&gt;     Lisy V, 1997, J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN, V14, P517, DOI 10.1080/07391102.1997.10508150&lt;br/&gt;     Markelz AG, 1998, APPL PHYS LETT, V72, P2229, DOI 10.1063/1.121329&lt;br/&gt;     Nossal R. 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NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lucent Technol, Mat Phys Res, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heilweil, E. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature-dependent terahertz output from semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive switches</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics Letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Phys. Lett.Appl. Phys. Lett.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pulses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiconductor surfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transmission spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2229-2231</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-6951</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The temperature dependence of the terahertz (THz) output power and spectra from biased photoconductive switches was measured for several antenna gap widths and applied biases. The spectrally integrated THz output had a nonmonotonic temperature dependence in all cases with the value increasing by a factor of 3 from room temperature to 150 K for low biases and 100 K at high biases. An abrupt decrease in output power occurs below 90 K, and the spectrum shifts to lower frequencies as the temperature is lowered. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000073362300011</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: ZK775&lt;br/&gt;Times Cited: 22&lt;br/&gt;Cited Reference Count: 21&lt;br/&gt;Cited References: &lt;br/&gt;     Brener I, 1996, OPT LETT, V21, P1924, DOI 10.1364/OL.21.001924&lt;br/&gt;     BRORSON SD, 1994, APPL PHYS LETT, V64, P2385, DOI 10.1063/1.111622&lt;br/&gt;     CHEVILLE RA, 1995, OPT LETT, V20, P1646, DOI 10.1364/OL.20.001646&lt;br/&gt;     Flanders BN, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P11824, DOI 10.1021/jp960953c&lt;br/&gt;     Haran G, 1997, CHEM PHYS LETT, V274, P365, DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00705-7&lt;br/&gt;     HU BB, 1990, APPL PHYS LETT, V57, P2629, DOI 10.1063/1.103829&lt;br/&gt;     HU BB, 1995, PHYS REV LETT, V74, P1689, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1689&lt;br/&gt;     Jepsen PU, 1996, J OPT SOC AM B, V13, P2424, DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.002424&lt;br/&gt;     KATZENELLENBOGE.N, 1992, ULTRA WIDEBAND SHORT&lt;br/&gt;     Kindt JT, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P10373, DOI 10.1021/jp960141g&lt;br/&gt;     Nahata A, 1996, APPL PHYS LETT, V69, P2321, DOI 10.1063/1.117511&lt;br/&gt;     NUSS MC, 1987, PHYS REV LETT, V58, P2355, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2355&lt;br/&gt;     NUSS MC, 1991, PHYS REV LETT, V66, P3305, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.3305&lt;br/&gt;     PARKS B, 1995, PHYS REV LETT, V74, P3265, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3265&lt;br/&gt;     RALPH SE, 1992, PHOTO INDUCED SPACE, V261&lt;br/&gt;     RODRIGUEZ G, 1994, OPT LETT, V19, P1194&lt;br/&gt;     SAETA PN, 1992, APPL PHYS LETT, V60, P1477, DOI 10.1063/1.107276&lt;br/&gt;     WANG HH, 1993, J ELECTRON MATER, V22, P1461, DOI 10.1007/BF02649999&lt;br/&gt;     Wang S, 1989, FUNDAMENTALS SEMICON&lt;br/&gt;     ZHANG XC, 1990, APPL PHYS LETT, V56, P1011, DOI 10.1063/1.102601&lt;br/&gt;     ZHANG XC, 1994, APPL PHYS LETT, V64, P622, DOI 10.1063/1.111069&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG Heilweil, EJ&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;22&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;6&lt;br/&gt;Amer inst physics&lt;br/&gt;Woodbury</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, AG (corresponding author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, J. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undressing a collective intersubband excitation in a quantum well</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar 25</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2382-2385</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0031-9007</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We have experimentally measured the 1-2 intersubband absorption in a single 40 nm wide modulation-doped Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs square quantum well as a function of frequency, intensity, and charge density. The low-intensity depolarization-shifted absorption occurs near 80 cm(-1) (10 meV or 2.4 THz), nearly 30% higher than the intersubband spacing. At higher intensities, the absorption peak shifts to lower frequencies. Our data are in good agreement with a theory proposed by Zaluzny, which attributes the redshift to a reduction in the depolarization shift as the excited subband becomes populated.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1996UB14800044</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;78</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fafard, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NONLINEAR QUANTUM DYNAMICS IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physica D-Nonlinear Phenomena</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-242</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0167-2789</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We discuss recent measurements of the nonlinear response of electrons in wide quantum wells driven by intense electromagnetic radiation at terahertz frequencies. The theme is the interplay of quantum mechanics, strong periodic driving, the electron-electron interaction and dissipation. We discuss harmonic generation from an asymmetric double quantum well in which the effects of dynamic screening are important. Measurements and theory are found to be in good agreement. We also discuss intensity-dependent absorption in a 400 Angstrom square quantum well. A new nonlinear quantum effect occurs, in which the frequency at which electromagnetic radiation is absorbed shifts to the red with increasing intensity. The preliminary experimental results are in agreement with a theory by Zaluzny, in which the source of the nonlinearity is the self-consistent potential in the Hartree approximation for the electron dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995RA41200018</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;14th Annual International Conference of the Center-for-Nonlinear-Studies - Quantum Complexity in Mesoscopic Systems&lt;br/&gt;May 16-20, 1994&lt;br/&gt;Los alamos, nm&lt;br/&gt;Ctr nonlinear studies&lt;br/&gt;34</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESONANT-ENERGY RELAXATION OF TERAHERTZ-DRIVEN 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18041-18044</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1995RF85700093</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;119</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiao, Jung-Chih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yongjun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hacker, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crowe, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rutledge, David</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz grid frequency doublers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Sixth Intl. Symp. Space Terahertz Tech</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.nrao.edu/meetings/isstt/papers/1995/1995199206.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citeseer</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DC TRANSPORT IN INTENSE, INPLANE TERAHERTZ ELECTRIC-FIELDS IN AL(X)GA(1-X)AS HETEROSTRUCTURES AT 300-K</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solid-State Electronics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">693-695</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0038-1101</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report 300 K studies of the dependence of the in-plane, d.c. conductivity, sigma(d.c.) (E(omega)), of a quasi 2D electron gas on the amplitude E(omega) and frequency of intense, far-infrared fields (omega/2pi = 0.24-3.5 THz). We measure sigma(d.c.) (E(omega) parallel-to E(d.c.)), where E(d.c.) is a small sensing field, and observe a monotonic decrease in sigma(d.c.) with increasing E(omega). Although a simple scaling ansatz collapses the measured sigma(d.c.) (E(omega)) data onto a single curve for frequencies from 0.25-3.45 THz (at low to moderate scaled fields), the decrease in conductivity is substantially more rapid than expected from comparison to similar data taken by Masselink et al. [Solid-St. Electron. 31, 337 (1988)] at 35 GHz. We tentatively attribute this difference to effects of a high-frequency modulation in the electron temperature.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NE79600042</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;6th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures&lt;br/&gt;Aug 23-27, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Garmisch partenkir, germany&lt;br/&gt;Tech univ munchen, walter schottky inst&lt;br/&gt;1</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENERGY RELAXATION AT THZ FREQUENCIES IN ALXGA1-XAS HETEROSTRUCTURES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiconductor Science and Technology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semicond. Sci. Technol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">828-830</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0268-1242</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report 4.2 K studies of the dependence of the in-plane, DC conductivity of a quasi 2D electron gas on the amplitude E(omega) of applied fields with frequencies from 0.25 THz to 3.5 THz. We analyse the dependence of sigma(DC) on E(omega) assuming that electron-optical phonon scattering dominates energy relaxation, that the absorbed power has a Drude form and that the electron distribution is thermal. This simple analysis is self-consistent: Arrhenius plots of the estimated energy loss rate have a slope near -homega(LO)BAR/k(B) for all frequencies, as expected for energy loss by optical phonon emission. We find that the effective energy relaxation time tau(epsilon) varies with the frequency of the applied field, from tau(epsilon) approximately 4 ps at 0.34 THz to tau(epsilon) approximately 0.3 ps at 3.45 THz. This may indicate a frequency-dependent form for the hot-phonon distribution.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NM75300116</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;S&lt;br/&gt;8th International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors&lt;br/&gt;Aug 16-20, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Oxford univ, oxford, england&lt;br/&gt;Sci &amp; engn res council; royal soc; brit council; oxford univ&lt;br/&gt;2</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroemer, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Far-infrared harmonic generation from semiconductor heterostructures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPIE Proceedings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1854</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48-55</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FAR-INFRARED SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY OF A SINGLE SQUARE-WELL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiconductor Science and Technology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semicond. Sci. Technol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">627-629</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0268-1242</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We have performed saturation spectroscopy measurements of the lowest intersubband transition in a single 400 angstrom GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As modulation-doped square quantum well. We couple intense tunable far-infrared radiation from the Santa Barbara free electron laser into our sample using an edge-coupling technique and measure absorption as a function of frequency and intensity. Saturation and frequency shifts in the absorption line are clearly observed. We attribute the frequency shifts to reductions in the many-body depolarization shift. From our preliminary measurements, we estimate the intersubband relaxation time to be 600 ps to within a factor of three.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NM75300061</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;S&lt;br/&gt;8th International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors&lt;br/&gt;Aug 16-20, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Oxford univ, oxford, england&lt;br/&gt;Sci &amp; engn res council; royal soc; brit council; oxford univ&lt;br/&gt;31</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, S. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guimaraes, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaminski, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keay, B. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramian, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campman, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chow, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lui, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, T. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBING TERAHERTZ DYNAMICS IN SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES WITH UCSB FREE-ELECTRON LASERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Luminescence</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60-1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250-255</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-2313</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The UCSB free-electron lasers provide kilowatts of continuously tunable radiation from 120 GHz to 4.8 THz. They have the most impact on terahertz science and technology that require a tunable, high power source to explore non-linear dynamics or that sacrifice incident power to recover the linear response of systems with very small cross-section. We describe three experiments that demonstrate the utility of these lasers in experiments on the terahertz dynamics of semiconductor nanostructures: (i) terahertz dynamics of resonant tunneling diodes, (ii) saturation spectroscopy of quantum wells and (iii) photon-assisted tunneling in superlattices.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1994NR36100065</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, Mark S/Q-4762-2017; Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio Soares/B-6918-2012&lt;br/&gt;Sherwin, Mark S/0000-0002-3869-1893; Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio Soares/0000-0002-0113-2641; Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319&lt;br/&gt;1993 International Conference on Luminescence (ICL 93)&lt;br/&gt;Aug 09-13, 1993&lt;br/&gt;Univ connecticut, storrs, ct&lt;br/&gt;Univ connecticut; opt soc amer; amer phys soc; ieee, laser &amp; electro opt soc; int union pure &amp; appl phys; int sci fdn; univ connecticut res fdn&lt;br/&gt;3</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwin, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bewley, W. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felix, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galdrikian, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwinn, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossard, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopkins, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sundaram, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birnir, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Far-infrared nonlinear response of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPIE Proceedings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1854</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huitgren, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamilton, J. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCarty, K. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Site-selective oxygen-isotope substitution in YBa2Cu3O7−δ</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.9556</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We report selective substitution of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 isotopes into the inequivalent oxygen lattice sites in &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-4-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-27&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-28&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-29&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-30&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-31&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-32&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;YBa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-33&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-34&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-5-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-35&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-36&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-37&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-38&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-39&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-40&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;Cu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-41&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-42&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-6-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-43&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-44&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-45&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-46&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-47&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-48&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.242em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-49&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-50&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-51&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.27em; padding-bottom: 0.404em;&quot;&gt;−&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-52&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.471em; padding-bottom: 0.27em; padding-right: 0.007em;&quot;&gt;δ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The technique involves gas-phase diffusion and exploits the site dependence of diffusion rates. The &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-7-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-53&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-54&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-55&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-56&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-57&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-58&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;CuO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-59&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-60&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-plane [O(2),O(3)] sites of &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-8-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-61&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-62&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-63&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-64&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-65&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-66&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;YBa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-67&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-68&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-9-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-69&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-70&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-71&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-72&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-73&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-74&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;Cu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-75&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-76&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-10-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-77&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-78&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-79&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-80&quot; class=&quot;mjx-msub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-base&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-81&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-82&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-sub&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.242em; padding-right: 0.071em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-83&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-84&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-85&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.27em; padding-bottom: 0.404em;&quot;&gt;−&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-86&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.471em; padding-bottom: 0.27em; padding-right: 0.007em;&quot;&gt;δ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; can be filled with &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-11-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-87&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-88&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-89&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-90&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mmultiscripts&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-prestack&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: -0.247em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-presup&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0.671em; padding-left: 0.05em; padding-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-94&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-95&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-97&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-91&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-92&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; while the apical [O(4)] and CuO-chain sites [O(1)] contain &lt;span class=&quot;aps-inline-formula&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MathJax-Element-12-Frame&quot; class=&quot;mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 107%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-98&quot; class=&quot;mjx-math&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-99&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-100&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-101&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mmultiscripts&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-prestack&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: -0.247em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-presup&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0.671em; padding-left: 0.05em; padding-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-105&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-106&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mn&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-108&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 70.7%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-102&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mrow&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;MJXc-Node-103&quot; class=&quot;mjx-mi&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R&quot; style=&quot;padding-top: 0.404em; padding-bottom: 0.337em;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (the opposite distribution can also be made). The site-selective isotope occupation has been confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Our method will permit experiments to determine the contributions of the different oxygen sites to the isotope effect, in order to locate the pairing interaction within the unit cell.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9556</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scheven, U. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hultgren, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heaney, P. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veblen, D. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hazen, R. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8 NEW HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS WITH THE 1-2-4 STRUCTURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7347-7350</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1989T985500074</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scheven, Ulrich/D-7582-2013&lt;br/&gt;Markelz, Andrea/0000-0003-0443-4319; Scheven, Ulrich/0000-0001-8111-0081&lt;br/&gt;B&lt;br/&gt;241</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hultgren, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelz, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei, J. Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmar, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel, J. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OXYGEN CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON TC OF THE BI-CA-SR-CU-O SUPERCONDUCTOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Review B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6612-6614</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-1829</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:A1989T985400040</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A&lt;br/&gt;155</style></notes></record></records></xml>